The Effects of Antibiotics on Bacterial Growth - 1355 Words

The Effects of Antibiotics on Bacterial Growth Biology II 1996 Bacteria are the most common and ancient microorganisms on earth. Most bacteria are microscopic, measuring 1 micron in length. However, colonies of bacteria grown in a laboratory petri dish can be seen with the unaided eye. There are many divisions and classifications of bacteria that assist in identifying them. The first two types of bacteria are archaebacteria and eubacteria. Both groups have common ancestors dating to more than 3 billion years ago. Archaebacteria live in environments where, because of the high temperature, no other life can grow. These environments include hot springs and areas of volcanic activity. They contain lipids but lack certain chemicals†¦show more content†¦This antibiotic acts by limiting normal protein synthesis. Streptomycin is effective against E. Coli, gram-negative bacilli, as well as many cocci. Neomycin an antibiotic derived from a strain of Streptomyces fradiae. Neomycin effectively destroys a wide range of bacteria. Kanamycin an antibiotic substance derived from Streptomyces kanamycetius. Its antibacterial action is very similar to that of neomycin. Kanamycin works against many aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, especially E. coli. Protracted use may result in auditory as well as other damages. Erythromycin is an antibiotic produced by a strain of Streptomyces erythreaus. This antibiotic works by inhibiting protein synthesis but not nucleic synthesis. Erythromycin has inhibitory effects on gram-negative cocci as well as some gram-positive bacteria. Chloramphenicol is a clinically useful antibiotic in combating serious infections caused by certain bacteria in place of potentially hazardous means of solving the problem. In lab tests, it has been shown that this medicine stopped bacterial reproduction in a wide range of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The inhibition of cell reproduction caused by Chloramphenicol takes place through interference with protein synthesis. An experiment was conducted in order to determine which antibiotics are most effective in inhibiting bacterial growth. First, the different bacteria were placed on agarShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Antibiotics Bacterial Growth?901 Words   |  4 Pages Randhawa 1 Zorawar Randhawa Mrs. Eideh Honors Biology 8 June 2015 Effects of Antibiotics Bacterial Growth Bacteria are the most common and ancient microorganisms on earth. Most bacteria are microscopic, measuring 1 micron in length. However, colonies of bacteria grown in a laboratory petri dish can be seen with the unaided eye. When considering the pH level, bacteria are classified as either acidophiles (acid-loving), neutrophiles (neutral ph range), or alkaliphilesRead MoreAntibacterial Antibiotics And Its Effects On The Growth And Production Of Bacterial Infections1368 Words   |  6 PagesAntibacterial antibiotics are a substance present in fungi, which inhibits the growth and production of bacterial infections. The discovery of the first antibiotic, penicillin, was a turning point in medical history, as illnesses that were once perceived as difficult to treat or even fatal, now had a possible treatment. After the discovery of penicillin, the misuse and overuse of antibiotics become common in many different professions. This has resulted in bacteria becoming less easily detec ted dueRead MoreStaphylococcus Aureus ( Mrsa )905 Words   |  4 Pagesaureus (MRSA) is a bacterial ‘staph’ infection that is resistant to the use of certain antibiotics. ß-lactams, penicillin-like antibiotics that has become a resistant, has become a characteristic of MRSA since its discovery in England in the 1960s and later in the USA around 1968. Due to overexposure to the antibiotics, strains of MRSA have become resistant through the evolution of the bacterial cells. This, eventually, led to insensitivity to the antibiotic’s agent fighting effects. The ability ofRead MoreLab Report On The Lab759 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand the effects of the different antibiotics (CAM, Amp, and Strep) on the bacteria growths. This lab also allowed the lab students to understand the importance of staining, bright-field microscopy, spectrophotometry, and the fluorescence microscopy. The hypothesis for this lab would be that for the mixture without the antibiotic would have an increase in the absorbance rate. The mixtures with the antibiotics (CAM, Amp, or Strep) would affect the formation of new bacterial cells that wouldRead MoreEffectiveness Of Bacitracin, Gentamicin And Chloramphenicol On The Growth Of Escherichia Coli1236 Words   |  5 PagesEffectiveness of bacitracin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol on the growth of Escherichia coli Introduction: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacterium commonly found in the digestive system of humans and animals. Although it is mainly harmless and helps promote a healthy digestive system, some strains can be pathogenic and cause illness such as diarrhea, urinary tract infections, respiratory infections and even pneumonia. What makes E. coli pathogenic is the release of a toxin called Shiga. TheseRead MoreAntibiotics Are Antibiotics Used For?1198 Words   |  5 PagesAntibiotics What are antibiotics used for? Antibiotics are used to fight infections which are caused by bacteria. They are not effective against viruses. What are antibiotics? Antibiotics can either be bactericidal or bacteriostatic. Bactericidal antibiotics act to kill bacteria and bacteriostatic act to inhibit and slow down the growth or bacteria. By doing this the antibiotics allow the hosts defence mechanisms to kill the bacteria or fight infection. Where do antibiotics come from? Lead compoundsRead MoreInhibition Of Various Targets On Bacteria Cells Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesInhibition of various targets in bacteria cells has long been a strategy for developing new antibiotics. Within a bacteria cell, there are nearly endless potential targets for inhibition that may interrupt cell metabolism, replication, synthesis of membrane components, etc. However, the rise of antibiotic resistance means researchers are continually searching for new targets or ways to make old targets viable again. For this reason, novel narrow-spectrum inhibitors are of great interest, especiallyRead MoreMethods And Methods Of Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing1524 Words   |  7 Pagesbriefly how antibiotic sensitivity testing is carried out in the clinical laboratory providing examples of both manual methods and automated methods (include advantages and disadvantages of methods discussed) Introduction An antibiotic is a chemical produced by a microorganism that kills or inhibits the growth of another microorganism. Therefore, the big task of microbiology laboratory is to determine how effective an antibiotic is through antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolatesRead MoreModern Medicine And Treatment Of Antibiotics1361 Words   |  6 PagesModern medicine relies on antibiotics to save lives through antibiotic treatment of severe infections and the performance of medical and surgical procedures under the protection of antibiotics. However, we have not kept pace with the ability of many pathogens to develop resistance to common antibiotics. The most common use of antibiotics is in the agricultural industry, and within the agricultural industry the most common antibiotic is tetracycline (Sanramaria, 2011; Mathews, 2013). TetracyclineRead MoreThe Overuse Of Antibiotics And Antibiotics1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe overuse of antibiotics has been a problem for well over a decade. This misuse leads to many nonvisible problems arising within the human population. As the use of antibiotics increases, the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria also increases. When bacteria become resistant to an antibiotic, another antibiotic must be used to try and kill it and the cycle becomes vicious. Michael Martin, Sapna Thottathil, and Thomas Newman stated that antimicrobial resistance is, â€Å"an increasingly serious threat

The Case Morse Vs. Frederick - 1269 Words

In the case Morse Vs. Frederick, a supreme court case that questioned the first amendment, the main argument set out by Frederick was that the school’s principal, Morse, was that Morse violated Fredericks first amendment right. Juneau-Douglas High School was in session during the Olympic Torch Relay for the 2002 winter Olympics. The school decided that it would let its students and faculty out for a short period to watch as the torchbearers passed the school. This was considered a school event and was treated as a field trip. Joseph Frederick was a senior at JDHS. He was a bit late coming to school that day. When Frederick arrived to school during the event, he met up with some of his friends. They soon pulled out fourteen-foot banner that had the phrase: â€Å"BONG HiTS 4 JESUS†. The school’s principal, Deborah Morse, almost immediately told the students to take down the banner. All but one student complied with Morse. That student was Joseph Frederick. She to ld the boys to take the sign down because she believed that the sign was encouraging the use of illegal drugs in school. She told Frederick to report to her office where she later punished him by suspending him for ten days. Frederick believed that his constitutional rights were being denied and that the first amendment was violated in the process. Frederick sued Morse claiming that the school violated his first amendment. Morse explained that she was not violating the first amendment because the school has a schoolShow MoreRelated The Bill of Rights Essay1356 Words   |  6 Pages(Coates, 1995-99). Go to the â€Å"First Amendment Center† web site and pick a related court case for one or two of the First Amendment rights. Name the case and number and interpret the case’s impact on society. Morse vs. Frederick â€Å"bong hits 4 Jesus†. Docket No. 06-278 Petitioner : Deborah Morse The most fundamental interpretation of this case is that the student Frederick sued his school Principal Ms. Morse, for suspending him for ten day when at a school function he displayed a banner with theRead MoreThe United States Constitution2849 Words   |  12 Pagesreasons why the First Amendment: freedom of speech and freedom of religion, and the Fourth Amendment: search and seizure are so essential to many Americans. Could some parts of a student s first amendment be restricted at school? There have been many cases on this topic, and the courts have struggled to decide what factors of freedom of speech are protected at schools. Freedom of speech allows citizens to say what they want to, when they want to. It also allows citizens to express themselves howeverRead MoreTinker Vs. Des Moines Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesWar History).† A case that is known in history forever â€Å"Tinker v. Des Moines† case was a very good example of anti-war protest and was proven to be an example of freedom of speech. Tinker v. Des Moines case involves two main students. Others students were also involved. The two main student’s names were â€Å"John and Mary Beth Tinker (Landmark Cases).† They were from Des Moines, Iowa and this case took place between the years 1965-1969 (Landmark Cases).† The problem with this case was there form ofRead MoreShould Students Who Engage in Cyberbullying, Even Off Campus Face Sanctions at School?991 Words   |  4 Pageswith this issue is that while it may begin off campus it can easily cause problems at school. When it does, principals can act based on the disruption that occurs to the school’s program. But, based on the decision of the US Supreme Court in Tinker vs. Des Moines (1969) you can only act when student speech causes a substantial disruption to school activities. Administrators may not restrict speech just because they disagree with the student or find what they are saying it offensive. If the speechRead MoreAed 201 We ek 6781 Words   |  4 PagesAxia College Material Appendix C Rights and Responsibilities of Educators and Students Perform a search in the University Library databases and locate four school-related court cases (with outcomes decided), two which involve educators as defendants and two which involve students as defendants. Fill in the table below. When you give your informed opinion, state and discuss whether you agree or disagree with the outcome. Base your opinion on legal and ethical standards as discussed in Ch. 9Read MoreCyberbullying : Cyberbullying And Cyberbullying3166 Words   |  13 Pagesculture or in decisions for disciplinary action surrounding events of cyberbullying. This paper will provide a definition for cyberbullying, provide an overview of the differences between traditional bullying and cyberbullying, provide a background in case law that makes disciplining cyberbullies difficult, and review key pieces of Rapides Parish Student Handbook in accordance with state guidelines and district policy for cyberbullying. Definitions used in policy development for cyberbullying shouldRead MoreA Description of Bleeding Kansas3703 Words   |  15 Pagesit worked to eliminate social and economic arrangements that entrenched privilege and stifled equal opportunity. United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and lecturer in the North (1817-1895) Frederick Douglass one of the most prominent african american figures in the abolitionist movement. escaped from slavery in maryland. he was a great thinker and speaker. published his own antislavery newspaper called the north star and wrote an autobiographyRead MoreStudy Guide5838 Words   |  24 Pagesyear?1791 How many terms did George Washington serve as president before leaving office? George Washington served two terms. Marbury v. Madison  confirmed the Supreme Courts power to declare laws passed by Congress unconstitutional. What did the case involve? Marbury v. Madison  concerned a dispute over William Marburys appointment to a government post. Debates at the Constitutional Convention surrounding the executive branch included which of the following? Debates surrounding the executiveRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesRecession 21 Off Shoring 21 Mergers 22 A Look at Ethics 22 Summary 23 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 24 Key Terms 24 HRM Workshop 25 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 25 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 25 Case 1: Work/Life Balance at Baxter 25 Working with a Team: Understanding Diversity Issues 25 Learning an HRM Skill: Guidelines for Acting Ethically 26 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 26 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Invasion of Privacy? 9 WORKPLACE ISSUES:Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages This book was not written in a vacuum, nor is it intended for use in one. In-basket exercises, case studies, action mazes, and other simulation techniques can complement, supplement, and magnify the principles discussed. Case studies can be helpful. Anderson’s1 volume, although somewhat dated, was specifically developed as a companion piece for earlier editions of this text. The most applicable cases from Anderson are available on the Web site for this volume. In addition, each chapter is introduced

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Repression and Hypocrisy in the Strange Case of Dr Jekyll...

Penny Fielding highlights his point of view on Robert Louis Stevenson’s Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde that the novel paints ‘a damning portrait of society defined by repression and its inevitable twin, hypocrisy’. Fielding also insists later that the relation between repression and hypocrisy is one theme of this novel that cannot be overlooked. This opinion can be approved of a truth after reading the novel. Repression and hypocrisy run through the whole story which reflect on descriptions of every character. In this essay, I will focus on the repression and hypocrisy that appear to be connected in the novel by analyzing the background and main characters. Especially, I will quote some fragments from the novel to discuss in†¦show more content†¦Throughout the whole course of the novel, readers can identify an unbreakable connection between Hyde and animalistic images as he was shown to be big, awkward and childlike. This kind of figure is re garded by Stevenson as parts of human nature. It also expressed Stevenson’s repression towards hypocritical society during Victorian times. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was wrote in 18th centuries, the times that were defined as ‘Gothic revival’. The literature in this times had similar thematic elements include supernatural or ‘fantastic’, violent crime (death and murder), passionate romance (often with death). The novel Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was considered as typical Gothic literature. Particularly, repression and hypocrisy are highly emphasized in the novel. Repression is undoubtedly a cause of conflict between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The root of this repression can be found in Victorian England where there was no sexual appetites, no violence and no freedom of expressing emotion in the public sphere. Everything should be restrained and people in that times all behaved solemn and were not allowed to show their joys and sorrows. This repression can be well reflected within Dr. Jekyll in the novel. According to quotation of Stevenson’s description: â€Å"[†¦] IShow MoreRelatedEssay Double Lives in Victorian Literature1407 Words   |  6 Pagescould be cast aside by these â€Å"dark doubles† and the â€Å"immoral† desires of the human heart could be explored in the safety of ones sitting room. In Oscar Wildes play, â€Å"The Importance of Being Ernest,† we see a satirical prodding of the hypocrisy associated within the strict moral code of English â€Å"genteel† society. The plays protagonist, Jack, creates his own â€Å"dark double†, his supposed carefree, immoral, and decadent brother, Ernest. It is through his own creation of Ernest thatRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Hyde1436 Words   |  6 PagesStevenson takes this idea of doubles to a whole new level in his novel The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Hyde. Upon closer examination of Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Hyde and his reoccurring theme of duality, we see that however constrained a society is, a person must break free, be multifarious, exploratory, and irresolute. A person must be able to see the â€Å"damage behind apparent failure† and the hypocrisy â€Å"behind worldly success.† The first instance of multiplicity immediatelyRead MoreThe View of Human Nature Presented in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde3064 Words   |  13 Pagespresent in the novel The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde? The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Question: What view of human nature does Stevenson present in the novel â€Å"The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde†? Throughout Stevenson’s life he experienced things by looking at them in two different perspectives. He later went on to exhibit his experiences by writing a novel about split personality called â€Å"The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde†. This essay will commentRead MoreHow Does the Use of Setting and Imagery Affect the Readers Understanding of Dr. Jekll and Mr Hide?1190 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Robert Louis Stephensons masterpiece, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886) symbolizes Hyde as a representative of the specific Victorian anxieties. He is seen as the ugly, deformed, apelike, but also reflecting Victorian fears about Darwinian evolution theories of humanitys deform from ape, and fears the newly enfranchised working classes. This essay will explore the function of the narrative which helps the readers to perceive the meaning of the narrative. It will do so in termsRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde2183 Words   |  9 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a novel written by Robert Louis Stevenson in 1886. The novel is set in Victorian England and follows a man by the name Dr. Jekyll, a respected doctor. Dr. Jekyll is a revered man in society and has every intention of remaining that way. However, one day he goes too far with one of his experiments and he creates a draught that unleashes a split personality within him. This personality goes by the name of Mr. Hyde. Dr. Jekyll does not seek a cure at firstRead MoreLack of Female Characters in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde2064 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Even the most casual reader can note the fact that there are very few female characters present in Robert Louis Stevensons 19th century novel, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Those that are found within the work hardly constitute as substantial ones none of the women have more than a few lines of dialogue and appear within the tale for longer than a chapter or two. A bevy of critics have pointed out the fact that such an egregious omission is hardly coincidental in fact, more thanRead MoreSociety Pressure in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay2012 Words   |  9 Pagessociety. Robert Louis Stevenson is a prime example of someone who rebelled against the societal pressures. Dr. Jekyll in the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hydeis not able to hold himself to the strict Victorian standards, and evidently throws himself into insanity attempting to keep the standards. Stevenson manifests his opinion of Victorian Society in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde through Jekyll’s decline into insanity as a result of the pressures of society. The Victorian era is

Mentoring Mentoring And Leadership - 1021 Words

PGE #1: Mentoring and Leadership Reflecting back over the years since receiving my initial National Board Certification, I clearly see that the mentoring roles I have been a part of have been the most rewarding. Mentoring has enabled me to collaborate with others new to the profession as well as with veteran teachers in the classroom. Through this collaboration in a variety of settings, I have been able to improve the effectiveness of my teaching practices which in turn has had a positive impact on my students. A study from Teacher Collaboration in Instructional Teams and Student Achievement by the American Educational Research Journal (2015) states that the quality of teacher collaboration positively influences teacher performance†¦show more content†¦The opportunities given to me to work with beginning teachers have been rewarding. Building stronger learning communities will always be a passion of mine because it ultimately enables our students to be better served in the classroom which leads to higher student achievement. I have also served in Leadership positions since my National Board Certification that have enabled me to work closely with my peers and other colleagues. My principal nominated me to be part of an Emerging Leader cohort initiated by our superintendent because of my commitment to my profession and willingness to take on a leadership role. I had the opportunity to spend the day shadowing a principal from another elementary school and then meeting back at the district office to collaborate with other chosen â€Å"Emerging Leaders† throughout the district. We spent time discussing issues and topics currently facing education with the district leadership team. Research shows that interaction between teachers and administrators focused on student learning affects student achievement. A similar cohort I have been involved with is the Teacher Forum for Teachers of the Year in our district. Again, it is this camaraderie th at takes place when teachers sit down and share ideas and thoughts on education and how toShow MoreRelatedBackground Of Leadership And Mentoring Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Background of Leadership and Mentoring Every society, civilization, country, nation or state recognizes the impetus that occurs as a result of leadership. Indeed, as Mills (2005) states, there are perhaps few things that can match the importance of leadership and its role in influencing human activity. Leadership touches on every aspect of human life. As Mills (2005) continues to state, if apportioned effectively, leadership has the capacity to guide nations in turbulent times; assistRead MoreLeadership and Mentoring Essay3403 Words   |  14 PagesContents 1: Introduction to Leadership and Mentoring 2: definition of leaders and Mentors 3: Exemplary models 4: Roles and Values 5: Standard Ethics 6: Case study 7: Conclusion 8: References I: Introduction Leadership and mentoring has generally been mistaken to be the same thing however during the course of this assignment I aim to prove otherwise that although leaders and mentors may share some similar traits they have different definitions and perform different functions. ThereRead MoreServant Leadership Influence on Student Mentoring1607 Words   |  7 PagesServant Leadership Influence on Student Mentoring Mentoring is a committed collaborative partnership, not a dependent relationship. According to Bernier, Larose, and Soucy (2005), the relationship and commitment created within a mentoring program is crucial for its success in assisting the mentee. Past studies have focused on student mentoring and its influence on academic performance, retention, and graduation. The thesis of this paper will examine the theory of servant leadership and itsRead MoreLeadership Skills, Mentoring, And Cultural Activities2154 Words   |  9 Pagesand younger students were present in the same classroom. Leadership skills, study skills, peer mentoring, and cultural activities was the curriculum. Transition Conferences Students in the ninth grade with the knowledge that transitioning from eighth grad to ninth grade posed a greater challenge for the first nation students. The purpose of these conferences is to prepare senior elementary school students for a successful transition to high school. Specific conference themes have stressed engagementRead MoreExpanding Leadership Diversity Through Formal Mentoring Programs1184 Words   |  5 Pages(2009). Expanding leadership diversity through formal mentoring programs. Journal of Leadership Studies, 3(1), 47-60. To attract and retain people, it is essential that organizations design and successfully implement pro- grams and processes that develop people and nurture their talents. For those who aspire to a leader- ship role, the opportunity to engage in mentoring relationships with senior-level leaders is a powerful way to accelerate growth. In the majority of informal mentoring relationshipsRead MoreAre Leadership Mentoring Programs Beneficial? Increasing Patient Care Outcomes?982 Words   |  4 Pages Literature Review: Are Leadership Mentoring Programs Beneficial in Increasing Patient Care Outcomes? Kenyata Patterson Auburn University Montgomery Literature Review: Are Leadership Mentoring Programs Beneficial in Increasing Patient Care Outcomes? Aim The aim of the literature review was to determine if the initiation of leadership mentoring programs would improve the competence and integration of new nurse leaders to increase patient health outcomes in clinicalRead MoreThe Classical Understanding Of Learning1068 Words   |  5 Pagesapprenticeship. Thus, learning took place through developmental relationships. Therefore, mentoring pursues to recapture the power of imparting knowledge to another person through an intimate relationship that benefits the mentor, mentee, and the organization. Mentoring The primary basis of mentoring is centered around the relationship between the mentor and mentoree. Paul Stanley and Robert Clinton (1992) argue, â€Å"Mentoring is a relational process between mentor, who knows or has experienced something andRead MoreMentoring : A Integrated Mentoring Program1324 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION The goal of mentoring in military organizations is to help junior personnel reach their full potential by having senior personnel help develop them, and pass on their practical expertise and professional knowledge to personnel who are committed to advancement and success (United States, 1995). A thriving mentoring program will enhance our overall professionalism and help meet the future needs of our organization. In my current job, I am charged with implementing a mentoring program where officersRead MoreCareer Success And Advancement And Human Resource Development968 Words   |  4 PagesBusinesses today frequently struggle with forming mentoring programs in order to build ideal managing teams that will take their amount of success to the next level. According to an article by LuAnn Gaskill, who focused her research on the informal, spontaneous relationships that build between junior and senior level executives are a major factor involved in forming mentor programs (Gaskill, Lu Ann, 147). At the beginning of the article Gaskill stated, â€Å"These relationships are recognized for theirRead MoreCase Study : Coaching Initiatives Fail1318 Words   |  6 Pageslong term sustainable results (Mann, S., Smith, S., 2015, p.36) Mentoring is a way to make employees feel more fulfilled, engaged and productive in the work environment (Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/200636421?accountid=13211). It is important to note that there is a difference between a coach and mentor and managers and supervisors who go the extra mile to work with these individuals are the true mentors. Mentoring focuses more on the future and a broader skill for personal or

Rigidity and Flexibility of Organisational Change

Question: Discuss about theRigidity and Flexibility of Organisational Change. Answer: Introduction: Organisational changes are essential for the businesses to succeed in the ever-changing markets and societies. The changes in the organizational, business and operational model of the businesses allow it to satisfy the needs of the customers to a greater extent, which in turn allows them to gain and maintain competitive advantages over the other organizations operating in the same industry. There are a number of real-world examples of the organizations which succeeded in their corresponding industry due to their flexibility to welcome changes and of the organizations which failed in their corresponding industries due to their rigidity against the changes (Amit, 2012). Analysis In this section, we will go through a number of real-world examples to show the positive outcomes of the businesses being ready to adapt changes and the negative outcomes of the businesses not being ready to adapt to changes. Kodak and Fuji Kodak was founded in the year of 1888 and took a lot of time to gain the market shares in the photography industry, which in turn allowed the organization to have its peak price per share of over $80 in the year of 1999. Kodak focused on its conventional business model of selling the customers its cameras at a low price and generating revenue from its expensive photo development process. Towards the mid of the 90s, the photography market was growing in terms of the instant photography. Kodak didnt do well in terms of adapting to this change and was sued by Polaroid for stealing its idea for the instant developing cameras. Towards the end of the 90s, the photography industry had a trend of purchasing the cameras through various mass distributors like Walmart. Kodak couldnt adapt to this change as well, but Fuji utilized this opportunity to adapt to the ongoing trend in the market. Fuji sponsored a number of international events and sold its products through the large chains of superma rkets to gain a lot of profits. So the rigidity of Kodak led to its fall in the photography industry, whereas the flexibility of Polaroid and Fuji to the changes in the market led them to success (Harmon, 2014). Hummer Hummer was a very popular brand among the Americans due to the synonymous nature of the cars to the rugged America individualism. The brand operating under the parent organization, GM held the leading position in the American automotive industry due to the nature of the products it was manufacturing. Slowly the trend in the corresponding markets shifted to the usage of more environment-friendly vehicles which would consume less fuel and generate less pollution. Hummer didnt adapt well to this change in the market trend and the sales of the cars went down very quickly as no one in the corresponding market wanted to be seen as a bad guy by owning such as vehicle which is so dangerous for the environment (Hayes, 2014). Blackberry Blackberry held the leading position in the smartphone market for quite a long amount of time due to the design of the products along with the facilities provided in them. Slowly the trend in the smartphone market shifted to the usage of touchscreen smartphones giving more freedom and customization. Blackberry didnt adapt to such as change in the smartphone industry very well, which in turn led to the decrease in the sales of the products (Jeston, 2014). Nokia Nokia was another organization in the smartphone industry, which gained and maintained the leadership for a long time. The products of Nokia used to be known for their hardware quality and robustness. Slowly the trend in the smartphones industry shifted to the usage of the touchscreen phones with more features in the software and Android operating system. But Nokia didnt adapt to this change and continued following its original business mode, which led it to its fall (Priestley, 2012). Qantas Airlines Qantas airlines adapted to the changes in the airlines industry trend to prefer the domestic flights by adding more aircrafts to its fleet and covering more number of domestic destinations. Qantas airlines also merged with a number of domestically strong airlines to increase its cover to the domestic destinations along with strengthening its aircraft fleet. Qantas airlines also started low fare air services to serve the changing customer needs in the corresponding market, which in turn led it to the increase in the profits (Rosemann, 2015). References Amit, R., Zott, C. (2012). Creating value through business model innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review, 53(3), 41. Harmon, P. (2014). Business process change. Morgan Kaufmann. Hayes, J. (2014). The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Jeston, J., Nelis, J. (2014). Business process management. Routledge. Priestley, M. (2012). Curriculum for Excellence: transformational change or business as usual?. Interaces, 8(22). Rosemann, M., vom Brocke, J. (2015). The six core elements of business process management. In Handbook on Business Process Management 1 (pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Conflicts and Negotiation at Workplace

Question: Discuss about the Conflicts and Negotiation at Workplace. Answer: Introduction Conflict and negotiation are one of the most essential components in anorganizationEvery organization whether big or small faces conflicts with the partners, fellow employees, mangers and general public. Negotiation is therefore an important tool through which the parties to the conflict find an easy way to amicably resolve the issues. Internal conflicts are caused due to disturbances inside the business organization whereas external conflicts are caused due to an outside party to the business. Conflict forms to be one of the most essential parts as two people working in a similar organization cannot have a similar opinion. Conflicts are caused due to difference in opinion among the people working in the organization (Moore, 2014). Whereas negotiation is a tool through which the people in the organization find a most appropriate way to agree to a topic that benefits both the entities. It is therefore difficult for a business organization to find a resolution for the conflict in order to find the most appropriate way to achieve the desired results. Conflicts occur when an individual has different belief and objectives while discussing the major business plans. Majority of business owners find some difficulty while negotiating with the other vendor. It is due to the fact that everyone wants to implement the most appropriate plan for the sustainability of the business (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). Facts related to conflicts and negotiation Conflicts arise due to difference in opinion among the employees and employer. It is very difficult for the business organization to find out the most appropriate solution out of the given one. Under a diversified business environment people possess different set of ideas in business operations. It has become important for an individual to implement the sot appropriate plan by acquiring the most economic resources available with them. The overall process involves bargaining in between two or more people in order to attain the most appropriate way in order to retrieve the maximum result (Epstein and Buhovac, 2014). Conflicts and negotiation are the most and essential part of large size business organizations. It has become important to resolve the conflicts in an efficient manner in order to achieve desired set of results. They are mostly prevalent in a large sized business organization due to its vastness and difference in the opinion. The manager working at a high scale has a duty t o manage the disputes arising in the organization due to difference of opinions (Goetsch and Davis,2014). Functions Conflict management is the most appropriate tool used by the business owner to create favorable outcome. Larger business organizations have large negotiation skills whereas the small sized business organizations have an issue to overcome the conflicts occurring in the organization. Small sized business organization has a lower purchasing power than the large size business organization (Dipboye and Colella, 2013). Lower purchasing power in the organization creates the best possible way in order to attain the most appropriate state in a business organization. Conflict and management lead to several options that are created in order to attain the most appropriate situation while dealing with the stronger party. Employers follow the necessary steps while processing discussion options and solutions and identifying the most appropriate way while creating different strategies and approaches in order to achieve the desired result. Following these steps help in attaining different targets in case of difficult situations. These steps help in attaining the objectives in a systematic manner while negotiating with the issues (Clegg, Kornberger and Pitsis, 2015). Business organizations are using conflict negotiation as an important tool to create more favorable situation in order to attain desired results. Many business organizations understand that that they cannot accept the request during the conflicts. It is necessary to find out the best alternate among the given best solution. Availability of alternates makes it a difficult choice for an individual to overcome the problem in the organization. Negotiation has become an important tool to overcome the problem arising due to the given situation. Conflict resolution includes effective negotiation which will help in attaining desired result. Conflict may arise at the organization and it is difficult for an individual overcome the problems arising out of the conflicts arising inside the organization. It is necessary under a variable business environment in order to meet the desired results. It is necessary to negotiate with the best available resources in order to attain the effective result ( Heagney, 2016). Resultant The conflict and negotiation issue results in one party engaging in an unethical procedure. This practice badly affects the organization productivity. It is essential to resolve the issues in order to retrieve the maximum results in order to achieve desired results. The process of conflict negotiation and management need to effectively implemented in order to retrieve maximum result within the given time period. It is the role of employer to find out the most appropriate way to resolve the problems occurring due to the issues. Small business owner faces multiple problems when they are stuck up in the situation arising due to conflict. Large sized business organizations have multiple tools in order to overcome the situation arising due to conflicts inside the business organization. It is necessary to find out the most appropriate way to reduce the situation occurring due to internal conflict (Barak, 2016). Conflicts form to be an inevitable part in a business organization. It is necessary for the business entity to find out the most appropriate way to reduce the impact of conflict through Negotiation. These are various theories given by the eminent business leaders to remove conflicts arising inside a business organization (Wilton, 2016). There are different approaches related to the conflict management that help in reducing the gap occurring in between the actual and standard performance. Refusing to negotiate is not the solution while managing the conflicts arising inside the business organization. Reconciliation is the best way to reduce the effect of conflicts arising inside the business organization (Griffin, 2013; Sidaway, 2013). Conflict management models People do have a predisposition while considering that conflicts are bad for the business organization but there is positive effect of conflict in a business organization. It provide with various different tools to negotiate in a diversified business environment. There are two types of conflicts namely: functional conflict and dysfunctional conflicts (Turner, 2016). Functional conflict is positive in nature where both the parties disagree in a very healthy manner. The main focus is to improve the healthy relationship among people in case of functional conflict. This help in building better relationship inside an organization. In case of dysfunctional conflict the disagreement occurs in an unhealthy manner. Thisper of conflicts occur due to long term dysfunction relationship in between the people working in the business organization. This results in constant escalations and tensions within an organization. The purpose of conflict management is to resolve the issue inside the business organization while considering all the essential factors. The TKI model Thomas Khillman is one of the most efficient models used to resolve conflict in an organization. The model was developed 30 years ago and has published more than 7 million copies of it. This model is known to subsidize the conflicts arising inside the organization. It is a self scoring technique used by the large-sized business organizations this model is widely popular in managing the disputes. Ties model help in ascertaining characteristics in the two areas which include assertiveness and cooperativeness. The TKI model helps in finding most appropriate way to resolve the conflicts arising inside the business organization. Johari Window Johari Window is one of the most efficient techniques used by the people to understand the relationship in between the people in a better manner. The model was developed by the famous psychologist Joseph Loft and Harrington Inghman. The model is primarily used in self help group and corporate settings as an important tool to reduce the conflict occurring due to difference in opinion (Tran, 2016). The model is used by the people to enhance the level of communication in between them. The Johari Window provides with an efficient tool to seek effective information about you. The two key components of the tool are that one can blind trust other person by disclosing the information. Feedbacks help in learning important issue about the individual. This model is widely used to liberate internal issues arising in the organization due to difference in opinion (Saxena, 2015). Belbin team Belbin team role is an important negotiating tool in an organization to resolve the conflict in a team. The purpose of the model is to create a more balanced team by understanding the role given to a particular team. This model is mostly used by the team leaders and the developer in order to overcome the difference among the members of the team. This model can be utilized to ensure that necessary role is covered while analyzing individual strength and weakness. The Belbin model is recognized widely due to its implication in resolving issues arising in a team. It helps in developing an efficient interpersonal relationship. This model helps in understanding the strength and weakness of the team. The model therefore helps in removing issues arising in model (Lehmann-Willenbrock, Beck and Kauffeld, 2016). The conflict management is hence an important tool and these diagnostic mode help in understanding the conflicts and helps in implementing the most appropriate tool according to the situation. These tools are implemented as per the requirements and necessity arising in an organization. It is important for a business organization to understand the issues arising due to disturbance in the internal and external environment (Mostert, 2015). Contrast in between the diagnostic models and literature Review Conflict management has become an integral part in an organization. Large sized business organizations need to use important tools to solve the issues. Belbin Team Role model is one of the techniques used by the large sized business organization to resolve conflict in between team members. Communication is one of the most important tools used by the teams in large sized organizations to resolve disputes in an efficient manner. It is one of the most common techniques used by the employers to resolve problem. Whereas TKI is a self scoring technique used by the large-sized business organizations this model is widely popular in managing the disputes. Johari Window model is primarily used in self help group and corporate settings as an important tool to reduce the conflict occurring due to difference in opinion. The tools are used efficiently by the managers in large business organizations. During conflict resolutions these tools are used efficiently in managing team. Conflicts are inevit able in nature and it has become an important aspect by contradicting the current and previous situations. These tools help in managing conflicts efficiently. Area of improvement Conflicts in an organization occur on a regular basis due to difference in the opinion. Firstly it is necessary for the employers to look for the most appropriate techniques in order to achieve desired result. Secondly in a large sized business organization the senior manager should try to find out the most appropriate situation to resolve the conflicts at an initial stage instead of waiting for the longer time. It is the duty of the senior manager to resolve the problems occurring in the organization. Conflict management occurs at every place irrespective of the size of the organization. In a large size business organization the employers has duty to frame down the policies in an efficient manner in order to reduce the future consequences. However it is the duty of the employees as well to reduce the effects of conflict. They should try to find out the most appropriate way to reduce the consequences of the conflicts (Singh, 2008). Negotiation is a most appropriate manner through whi ch a person can evaluate the most appropriate technique in order to reduce the overall consequences of conflict. Conflict in interest take place due to difference in opinion among the employees hence it has become more important to reduce the ill-effects of conflict by proposing the most appropriate tools (Eunson, 2012). Conclusion The report examines the consequences of conflicts that arise in a business organization. It provides the information related to conflict and negotiation arising in a business organization. It is necessary for an individual to find out the most appropriate techniques in order to resolve the difference in opinion of the employees. There are various techniques like Thomas Khilman, Johari Window, and Belbin Team Model etc to resolve the dispute occurring in an organization. There is a necessity to find out the desired set of tools in order to reduce the chances of conflicts occurring in the organization. However the large sized business organization requires an efficient model to overcome the problem occurring in the organization. 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