Monday, September 30, 2019

Introduction to Early Childhood Education Essay

The education of early childhood is widely valued in a great variety of human development theories, and in some degree the quality of the early childhood education determines the quality of the child’s future life. In this essay, I will give my views on three quality indicators and relate them to children and Te whariki. A planned curriculum is important for children, and it is one of the sigh of quality early childhood education. The starting point of the curriculum of early childhood education-Te Whariki-is to achieve child’s individual requirements and help him/her to become a competent and confident learner and communicator. (MoE, 1996) A planned program means before the curriculum comes out, educator need to observe the children and discover the particular needs of each child then design a special learning project to mesh with individual child. Partnership with parents and families also a important mark of early childhood education, it provides more comprehensive perspectives about a child, which helps educator to make an Individual Development Plan to enable children with special needs to be actively engaged in learning (MoE, 1996). â€Å"Children’s learning and development are fostered if there is a strong connection and consistency among all the aspects of the child’s world. † (MoE, p42, 1996), families and teacher communicate proactively and to work toward the same goal helps to empower the child to develop holistically within mind, body and spirit (MoE, 1996); Working in partnership with parents and families also helps educators to provide additional learning experiences to complement those provide in the home. Trained staff have the knowledge about children’s development and early childhood curriculum, they also could administer the curriculum (MoE, 1996), is an indispensible part of quality early childhood services, children’s development and learning could be well supported surrounded by trained and professional educators. Assessment: Short Essay 2 Identify TWO early childhood services in your community. Briefly explain their history and then compare and contrast their philosophies, educational  goals and the strategies employed to achieve these goals. In this essay, I will introduce Te Kohanga Reo and home-based education and care services, compare and contrast their philosophies, educational goals and the strategies employed to achieve these goals. Te Kohanga Reo are parent-led services, the first thought of Te Kohanga Reo was begun in 1981, in response to Maori concern of the Maori language survival, by the Department of Maori Affairs. (Te Kohanga Reo National Trust. 1999) Te Kohanga Reo are â€Å"total immersed† early childhood services in te reo Maori program, where the language of communication will be Maori. The operation and running of each Kohanga Reo is the responsibility of the parents and whanau of the Te Kohanga Reo within the guidelines set down by Te Kohanga Reo National Trust Board, and they administer it to ensure the safety and well-being of the children and the whanau and to ensure the survival of te reo Maori. (â€Å"What is a Kohanga Reo?â€Å",1999) Home-based education and care services are teacher-led services, they involve a teacher providing education and care for small groups of up to four young children either in the home of the teacher’s or in the child’s own home. This may be all-day or part-day education and care. (MoE, 2006) The kaupapa (philosophy) of Te Kohanga reo highlight â€Å"The quality of learning and development of mokopuna (young children) stems from the collective strength of the whanau† (Te Kohanga Reo National Trust, 1999). The emphasis for all philosophies of the home-based education and care services is to affirm the value of children learning and being cared for in a home setting. (ERO, 2009) Both kinds of services all showed the high position of children, however, Te Kohanga reo focus on the whanau, lay emphasis on skills of the adult to teach the children; and in home-based education and care services teachers bend themselves to establish positive relationships with children and their families to support children’s well-being and learning. The education goal of Te Kohanga reo is total immersed mokopuna into Maori language and cultures, to achieve this goal, Kohanga Reo are overseen by an organisation call Te Kohanga Reo National Trust. Its role is to ensure the quality of education and care provided by Kohanga Reo and to promote and ensure the survival of the Maori language. (Government Review Team, 1988). The Trust provides Kohanga Reo support and advice to the whanau. It offers Whakapakari Tino Rangatiratanga – a teacher training course, and a training course for whanau in Maori language, computer training, Te Whariki (ECE curriculum) and business administration. (Orange, 2004) Home-based centre hammer at build up a cared, warm and encouraged home setting for children, to insure the environment is safe and the education given by educator/caregiver is professional, the teacher of home-based education and care service must supported by a coordinator who is a registered teacher, just like the Te Kohanga Reo National Trust to Te Kohanga Reo, this person will visits the home based caregiver/educator regularly to check on the child’s safety and wellbeing and their learning progress. The coordinator might help parents to choose a suitable teacher for their children as well, and also involved to create the children’s learning curriculum. Assessment: Short Essay 3 Discuss THREE of the following significant factors which were covered in this course and that promote health and safety in early childhood centres: 1. Providing a safe environment 2. Providing a hygienic and clean environment 3. Identifying and responding to childhood illness 4. Nutrition across the early years 5. Child protection In this essay, I will talk about three significant factors, providing a safe environment; identifying and responding to childhood illness; and nutrition across the early years. I will use the document â€Å"Licensing Criteria for Early Childhood Education and Care Centres 2008, and Early Childhood Education Curriculum Framework† and other relevant literature to support this essay. Health and safety guarantee is an essential part of quality ECE programmes and a major responsibility of ECE providers. Children have the right to be protected and nurtured. As a caregiver, it is necessary to offer an environment which promots their health and nurtures their emotional well-being, and also need to keep the children safe from harm. (MoE,1996) To establish a safe environment in early childhood services contain a major problem, how to prevent injury from the environmental setting. Injury prevention is an important method to build a safe environment. Many injuries  can be prevented if staffs understand how they happen and provide preventive actions to avoid them, preventive actions for example such as strengthen security measures on environment setting and enforcement of safety policies. Knowledge of children’s behavior at each stages of development plays a key role in identifying the potential hazards in ECE program. (Marotz, L. R. , Cross, M. Z. , & Rush, J. M. ,2005). Infants are totally dependent on others, have little prior knowledge or experience, and are learning to anticipate events and to communicate their needs in a confusing world. (Ministry of Education,1996) They explore the world by vision, hearing, feeling, smelling and tasting. The save environment for infants, for example, should not have anything small or sharp, babies may swallow things and choke; And no plastic bags, they will be dangerous if these cover infants’ mouths and noses, and it may suffocate the infants. (Ministry of health, 2011) Toddlers are active and curious, determined to become competent and to make sense of happenings, objects, and ideas. They learn with their whole body and learn by doing rather than being told. (Ministry of Education ,1996) The safe environment for toddlers for instance that all the edges are soft or un-sharp; and all electrical outlets contain safety caps. To identifying and responding to childhood illness that is a professional quality as an early childhood educator should never ignore. Firstly, because of the feature of children’s immature immune systems, children always get a viral cold and then later on the viral illness start a secondary infection with bacteria which might turns into a dangerous condition such as a chest infection. Nevertheless, children are still building up their immune systems, there are lots of illnesses caused by the bacteria and viruses, which need immune system to protect people away from. Sick children attending school increases the opportunity of some children’s common illnesses’ contagious and the illness will pass to other children at centre. Furthermore, sometimes children’s allergic could coursed asthma, ‘a common disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms and reversible airflow obstruction. Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.’ ( National Asthma Education and Prevention Program, 2007) Children who attacked asthma can be serious but treatable. â€Å"All practicable steps are taken to ensure that children do not come into contact with any person (adult or child) on the premises who is suffering from a disease or condition likely to be passed on to children and likely to have a detrimental effect on them. † (Ministry of Education, P21, 2009) This quote from Licensing Criteria for Early Childhood Education and Care Centres 2008 showed that early childhood educator should have the ability to identifying and responding to childhood illness. Strand 1 of Te Whariki, well-being, empowered that ‘Children experience an environment where: their health is promoted’ (MoE, p48, 1996), early childhood services need to achieve children’s nutrition needs. A nurtured dietary structure is an essential part of helping children develop holistically. When children intake vitamins, minerals and nutrients from eating and drinking, the quality and quantity of them direct influence on children’s bodies grow, bones built, muscles and brain development. A balanced diet for children should include a variety of healthful fruits and vegetables, grain products, lean proteins and dairy products. (Marotz, L. R. , Cross, M. Z. , & Rush, J. M. , 2005). Early childhood education centre need to make sure food is served at appropriate times. And meanwhile, foods are of sufficient variety, quantity, and quality to meet the nutritional needs of each child. (Ministry of Education, P20, 2009) To help to ensure that children receive adequate nutrition, and allows parents to see the commitment the centre has towards the nutritional wellbeing of their children (Leaity, K.2008), there is a practical guide to food and nutrition for early childhood education services, call Food For Under 5’s, to provide information on developing nutrition policies and menu planning in the early childhood education centres setting. Reference List Education Review Office. (2009). About home-based early childhood services – Education Review Office. Retrieved September 13, 2013 from New Zealand government, Web site: http://www. ero. govt. nz/National-Reports Government Review Team. (1988). Report of the review of Te Kohanga reo. Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Government. Leaity, K. (2008). Food For Under 5’s. Retrieved September 15, 2013 from Auckland Regional public Health service, Web site: http://www. arphs. govt. nz/Portals/0/Health%20Information/HealthyEnvironments Marotz, L. R. , Cross, M. Z. , & Rush, J. M. (2005). Health, safety, and nutrition for the young child (6th ed. ), (pp. 193–207). Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning. Ministry of Education. (1996). Te Whariki He Whariki Matauranga mo nga Mokopuna -o Aotearoa/Early Childhood Curriculum. Wellington, New Zealand:Learning Media Limited. Ministry of Education. (2006). Choices in early childhood education (pp. 1-4). Retrieved September 12, 2013, from http://www.minedu. govt. nz/Parents/EarlyYears/OtherInformationAndResources/Choices. aspx Ministry of Education. (2009). Licensing Criteria for Early Childhood Education and Care Centres 2008 Early Childhood Education Curriculum Framework. (pp. 21-22). Retrieved September 15, 2013 from New Zealand Ministry of Education, Web site: http://www. lead. ece. govt. nz/ServiceTypes/CentreBasedECEServices. aspx National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP). (2007). â€Å"Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma† NY: U. S. Department of Health & Human Services Orange, C. (2004). An illustrated history of the Treaty of Waitangi. Wellington: Bridget Williams Books. Te Kohanga Reo National Trust. (1999). History. Retrieved September 12, 2013, from http://www. kohanga. ac. nz/index. php? option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=10 What is a Kohanga Reo? (1999). Retrieved September 12, 2013 from Ngaio Te Kohanga Reo, Web site: http://www. ngaiokohanga. co. nz/about-us Leaity, K. (2008). Food For Under 5’s. Retrieved September 15, 2013 from Auckland Regional public Health service, Web site: http://www. arphs. govt. nz/Portals/0/Health%20Information/HealthyEnvironments.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Marketing information systems

E-commerce made its first major impact by registering on the economic horizon in 1998. In that year, Amazon made $1 billion.   In an article in The Economist on the 19th of August 2006, Amazon.com is credited as being the pioneer in teaching the world how to shop online. Today, Amazon’s product range is anything from travel (the biggest seller), to computer equipment and software to cars, clothing and home furnishings in that order of magnitude. Technology (by way of one-click shopping) has been of great assistance in collecting data based on buyer preferences and past buying behavior. Search boxes, pre-ordering capability are some of the ways Amazon collects customer information. Information gathered includes birthdays, interests, wish lists, location and past purchases. Good marketing information systems reward online behavior with rewards that make customers feel pampered. They also give great user experience and evolve with customer needs. Amazon has just added â€Å"Search Suggestions† as another way of gathering information by requesting customers, authors and sellers to make recommendations that they feel are linked to search keywords. This should result in the company building up a comprehensive database for gaining and retaining customer loyalty. This information is used mainly to cultivate buyer loyalty. A typical example is the Amazon practice of tempting shoppers by making recommendations based on what others who have bought the same product bought also and based on the buyer’s previous shopping style. After gathering the necessary information, Amazon also makes buying from them attractive with such enticements like extensive selection, free shipping and excellent customer service (you actually get to speak with a real person within seconds if you use the click-to-call button and provide your telephone number). Bottom of Form Top of Form REFERENCES â€Å"Click to download – Amazon.com†, The Economist (US), August 19, 2006. Volume 380, Issue 8491, p 58. Fernando, Angelo, â€Å"Why punish, when you can reward? Online or off-line, there are simple steps you can take to make your customers feel valued†, Communication World, Sept-Oct 2006, Volume 23, Issue 5, p14-15.   

Saturday, September 28, 2019

A Tale of Two Cities

Repetition is one of the linguistic devices of which Charles Dickens is very fond, and the novelist makes things easy for his readers by his constant repetitions, and his habitual phrases are remembered by readers who are not used to reading with close attention. Dickens’s stylistic use of repetition reaches its climax in A Tale of Two Cities (1859). Therefore, it is fruitful to deal with the language of Dickens, especially that of A Tale of Two Cities, from the point of view of repetition in order to explore his linguistic artistry with which the novelist, inheriting the language of the 18th century, improved upon the style of English prose. In fact, Dickens exploits various types of repetition, that is, repetition of sounds, morphemes, words, phrases, and sentences for various stylistic purposes, such as association, implication, irony, characterization, or verbal iconicity. However, in this paper I focus my attention on the repetitive use of words or phrases. â€Å"Dickens makes a broader use of the symbols and allegories that had long been dear to him. † (Monod) In reality, A Tale of Two Cities is full of repeated imagery and symbolic patterns. We hear again and again the footsteps and the rising storm; we see the drinking of wine and the staining blood. This novel achieves linguistic and stylistic contiguity through the repeated use of symbolic words like â€Å"footstep,† â€Å"echo,† and â€Å"wine,† â€Å"blood,† which are closely related to the subject matter of the novel. To put it another way, repetition of symbolic words fulfills an important function of promoting the thematic cohesion, by which the themes of this novel are brought to light. Here, I concentrate my attention on the repetition of the key word â€Å"wine,† and its related words â€Å"red† and â€Å"blood. These words often co-occur with one another, and convey additional and different meanings as well as their own specific meanings, in accordance with the scenes or contexts, especially between the English and the French scenes. The word â€Å"wine† occurs 120 times, â€Å"red† 56 times, and  "blood† 35 times in total. 11 The chapters of the novel are divided into three groups: English chapters, French chapters, and English-French chapters, depending on the location of the incidents in each chapter. It is often pointed out that the word â€Å"wine† and its related words â€Å"red† and â€Å"blood† frequently co-occur as an indication of the French Revolution’s slaughter and bloodshed. This does not reveal how the words create the symbolical imagery of the bleeding Revolution. Needless to say, the Revolution’s slaughter and bloodshed are not simply hinted at and represented through the repetition and co-occurrence of these three words, but the related words co-occurring with them in the same contexts contribute to creating the bloody imagery. The different or contrastive use of repeated words in the English and the French scenes in A Tale of Two Cities enables the reader to realize the author’s deliberate exploitation of words in terms of the subject matter, that is to say, contrast between the two cities. The repetition of â€Å"plane-tree† together with that of â€Å"pleasant† serves to create a favorable family atmosphere in the English scenes. In sharp contrast to this, in the French scenes, the words â€Å"fountain† and â€Å"fate† directly convey some of the dominant themes of the book: death, future life, fate, and resurrection. It seems that Dickens suggests the inevitable outbreak of the French Revolution and the characters’ sealed destinies through the verbal associations of such repetitive words arranged mainly in the French scenes. It is worth examining the repetitive use of â€Å"plane-tree† and â€Å"fountain† more closely and concretely. The words convey not only their own meanings but additional ones as well, for instance, foreshadowing. One example of the repeated use of â€Å"plane-tree† and â€Å"pleasant† in the English scenes can be observed in passage (8): 8) On this occasion, Miss Pross, responding to Ladybirds pleasant face and pleasant efforts to please her, unbent exceedingly; so the dinner was very pleasant, too. It was an oppressive day, and, after dinner, Lucie proposed that the wine should be carried out under the plane-tree, and they should sit there in the air. As everything turned upon her, and revolved about her, they went out under the plane-tree , and she carried the wine down for the special benefit of Mr. Lorry. She had installed herself, some time before, as Mr. Lorry’s cup-bearer; and while they sat under the plane-tree, talking, she kept his glass replenished. Mysterious backs and ends of houses peeped at them as they talked, and the plane-tree whispered to them in its own way above their heads. (Bk. II, Ch. 6) In the context of the passage above, Dr. Manette, Lucie, Mr. Lorry, and Miss Pross are in the courtyard after dinner. The repeated use of â€Å"plane-tree† and â€Å"pleasant† in close proximity serves to create a comfortable and cozy atmosphere of domestic peace. At the same time, however, I find the repetition of the word â€Å"wine. † As already mentioned, â€Å"wine† in the English scenes is associated with a serious development in the plot. Through the co-occurrence of â€Å"plane-tree† with â€Å"wine† we can sense an impending misfortune to threaten Lucie’s happy family life, even though the â€Å"plane-tree† itself carries a good connotation. In fact, in the scene which follows the passage above, all the characters who gather under the â€Å"plane-tree† hear the footsteps of the people in the street caught in the sudden storm, which seems to be indicative of the outbreak of the French Revolution. Additionally, the personification of the â€Å"plane-tree† and â€Å"houses† in the last sentence also serves as an ominous harbinger. As another example of the repeated use of the â€Å"plane-tree,† let me examine the following two passages. Passage (9) is observed at the very beginning, and passage (10) at the very end of Chapter 17 of Book II: (9) Never did the sun go down with a brighter glory on the quiet corner in Soho, than one memorable evening when the Doctor and his daughter sat under the plane-tree together. Never did the moon rise with a milder radiance over great London, than on that night when it found them still seated under the tree, and shone upon their faces through its leaves. Lucie was to be married to-morrow. She had reserved this last evening for her father, and they sat alone under the plane-tree. â€Å"You are happy, my dear father? † â€Å"Quite, my child. † (Bk. II, Ch. 17) (10) (Lucie sits by her father’s bedside for a while. ) She[Lucie] timidly laid her hand on his[Dr. Manette’s] dear breast, and put up a prayer that she might ever be as true to him as her love aspired to be, and as his sorrows deserved. Then, she withdrew her hand, and kissed his lips once more, and went away. So, the sunrise came, and the shadows of the leaves of the plane-tree moved upon his face, as softly as her lips had moved in praying for him. Bk. II, Ch. 17) The first passage appears in the context where Lucie and her father sit outside under the â€Å"plane-tree† the night before her wedding, and she reassures her father that her love for Darnay will not alter her love for him. The repetitive use of the â€Å"plane-tree† (and also the words â€Å"the tree† twice) along with the words indicative of light, â€Å"sun,† â€Å"brighter,† â€Å"moon,† â€Å"radiance,† or â€Å"shone† is closely related with the domestic happiness and hope that Lucie and her father feel. Furthermore, in passage (10), the word denoting light, â€Å"sunrise,† is also used. At the same time, however, the â€Å"plane-tree† co-occurs with the word â€Å"shadow,† which seems to carry an ominous implication for Dr. Manette’s future. In reality, in the following chapter, Chapter 18 of Book II, Dr. Manette has temporarily reverted to shoemaking because of the shock of Charles Darnay’s revelation, on the morning of his wedding to Lucie, of his identity as a member of the St Evremonde family. It can be said that the repeated use of the â€Å"plane-tree† itself symbolically suggests the Manettes’ domestic peace, co-occurring with the words significant of light. Yet, the change of words co-occurring with the â€Å"plane-tree,† that is to say, the new combination of â€Å"plane-tree† and â€Å"shadow,† implies the characters’ future fate in terms of foreshadowing. The foregoing arguments justify stating that Dickens deliberately exploits the technique of repetition with great artistry in order to individualize characters, to make creative use of conventional symbolic meanings, to prefigure future events, and to convey the main themes of the novel, such as fate, resurrection, and contrast, to the minds of the reader. The novelist’s use of repetition for the stylistic effects of emphasis and irony can also e found in his other novels. However, in A Tale of Two Cities, the repetitions of words and phrases are well organized and structurally used, and thus have the obvious function of creating a strong sense of unity in the structure of the novel. In a metaphorical sense, as various kinds of threads are woven to gether into texture, various kinds of repetition are skillfully interwoven into the story, and provide a strong sense of continuity and association within the novel. Such structural use of repetition is one of the linguistic peculiarities of A Tale of Two Cities.

Friday, September 27, 2019

Living with Diabetes Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Living with Diabetes - Case Study Example Elizabeth who lives in United Kingdom is helped by the National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly funded health care system of England; the National Health Service (NHS) is not to be confused with the other three national health systems operating in the United Kingdom which are responsible to their own governments and have developed under differing legislation. All four services collectively operate without general discrimination toward citizens from each others areas. The NHS provides the majority of healthcare to Elizabeth, from general practitioners to hospitals, long-term healthcare, thus helping her cope with her diabetes. The National Health Service Act was passed in 1946 and came into effect on 5 July 1948; subsequently it has become an integral part of British society, culture and everyday life: the NHS was once described by Nigel Lawson, former Chancellor of the Exchequer, as "the national religion". Private health care has continued parallel to the NHS, paid for largely by private insurance, but it is used only by a small percentage of the population, and generally as a top-up to NHS services. As the reforms continue to change the way the NHS works, NHIS is able to offer new insights into its performance. It is a uniquely powerful and cost-effective resource for those who need to understand, interpret and exploit these events - from pharmaceutical companies developing their marketing strategies, to patients needing to be aware how the system works. Elizabeth often also uses the Diabetes UK Careline as a further source of information for people with diabetes and it receives around 50 000 enquiries a year. The Careline number is 0845 120 2960 and it is open Monday to Friday from 9am until 5pm (a translation service is available) with recorded information available 24 hours a day. As well as offering information to people on a wide range of subjects, Careline also offers support through talking with a trained counsellor . Calls to Careline allow Elizabeth to identify gaps in currently available information, and to then fill them. We have found this to be particularly true around the subject of diet--by far the most requested topic of information. This can be as simple as producing quick question-and-answer style responses to topics that the media has generated interest about, to developing a more detailed information resource, such as the weight management pack, which deals with many of the issues that callers to Careline, both lay and professional, have raised. Like most people who get their information on diabetes from the media, the internet or the man next door, this often means that the information they receive is distorted or even dangerous, Elizabeth too was affected by this but her problems were taken care of by the Careline. A particular issue is the myth around 'mild diabetes' or 'a touch of sugar', which many callers to Careline cite as their particular problem. Because diabetes has been couched in these terms, many people fail to realise the seriousness of their condition and think that they only have to avoid sugar in their diet (another popular misconception). Psychosocial factors

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Intro to Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intro to Business - Assignment Example In fact, since 2008 when there was economic recession, the company has doubled its revenue and tripled its profit. More so, the company has also recorded significant growth in the period by opening new stores. The success of Patagonia mostly lies on its environmental focus. Indeed, the company has an effective environmental friendly philosophy which mostly contributed to its success during the latest recession. The company’s environmental mission is found in the company’s mission statement which advocates for the production of high quality products with no unnecessary harm to the environment (Martà ­n 1). In fact, the company’s activities aim at solving environmental crisis. The company encourages the repair, recycling, and resale of garments where it makes fleece jackets from recycled bottles (Carus 1). Moreover, it uses solar energy in its headquarters and various stores. Subject to its longtime commitment to environmental issues, Patagonia’s reputation attracted many customers during the recession. Actually, customers were willing to buy T-shirts, wool socks, and light jackets from the company during the recession because they knew Patagonia derived less harm on the environment than other clothing manufacturers. In addition, the company’s strategy to engage in the production of outdoor goods, led to its success during the last recession. Indeed, during the recession, many Americans chose to participate in outdoor recreation instead of foreign travels. This favored Patagonia which was producing outdoor sports apparel at the time. As such, the company recorded huge revenues from outdoor sports apparel (Carus 1). At the same time, the company’s idea to introduce a new line of surf-inspired clothing and beach products also led to its success during the recession as these products became popular at the time. The company also consolidated some global factories and emphasized on online sales thus minimizing the production costs (Martà ­n 1). As such

Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping (International Relations) Research Paper

Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping (International Relations) - Research Paper Example Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaopings international relations have been shaped by the order and progress of the international system- during Mao’s reign in 1949 to 1950s, China’s main concerns were war and revolution and the People’s Republic of China was opposed to the US led Imperialism by forming alliances with the Soviet Union (Cheng and Zhang 95). This partisan tactic was effective in promoting China’s continued existence, safety, autonomy and freedom. After the People’s Republic of China’s fall out with the Soviet Union, Mao was against both imperialism associated to the US and its supporters together with the Soviet Union led revisionists and as such, China’s international relations were informed by great suspicions and confrontations as opposed to the alliance and relationship. The China - US relationship at this time worsened as China was isolated and viewed as an erratic and backwards state by the US, unlike the Soviet Union whose re visionist strategy had confirmed it as a mature socialist state. Under these circumstances, China had to revise its â€Å"leaning on one side strategy† to â€Å"fighting with two fists† as it was opposed to both the US led imperialism and Soviet Union’s revisionism (Zhong 748-749). The US- Soviet Union collaboration led to the deterioration of China’s international relations with the Soviet Union, but with the conflict of interests between the two world powers - the US and Soviet Union, concerning the Vietnam War, China seized the opportunity to adjust its international relations with the US in retaliation to the Soviet Union’s military threat. This reconciliation was meant to unite all other countries against the Soviet Union’s expansion;  enhance China’s international relations with other countries (especially from the west); and cement China’s global position in the international society (Cheng and Zhang 98). Deng’s leadership of China falls partly

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Strategic management of small firms Research Proposal

Strategic management of small firms - Research Proposal Example Such firms include entrepreneurial ventures and also business trading entities. The paper is an exploratory study and draws upon existing literature and case studies of small firms to develop the proposed model. Future research scope and applicability has also been discussed. Small firms have been long neglected over the strategic management roles and issues. The problems of identification of factors that influence small firms’ strategic decisions have been restricted to leadership roles and planning techniques. The paper is aimed at resolving this very issue by identification of a framework for strategic management within small firms. Small scale industries have been the key to economic development for most of the countries during their development stage. Studies prove that they contribute towards a major portion of a country’s GDP and growth. This has also led to a huge rise in research in the economic activity of small scale enterprises. However, most research in the field did not prove to be quite resourceful, primarily, owing to the failure of identification of problems associated with the study of small scale companies. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate and develop a framework of strategic management within small enterprises by evaluation of strategies adopted by small companies. The research shall also seek answers to the source of competitive advantage of small enterprises that emerge as successful businesses and thereby analyse the strategic management factors that influence success in small firms. The research rationale in the context of this study is whether there exists any significant difference between the strategic management employed within small firms and that within large firms. If this holds true then, the research seeks to explore the factors that are responsible for strategic management within small firms. The research

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

CH 14 CH 15 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CH 14 CH 15 - Assignment Example 436). The most important battle of the Civil War was Antietam because it marked a turning point in the war and gave Lincoln the opening he needed to make the Emancipation Proclamation. Prior to Antietam, the Confederates carried an aura of invincibility following their victory at the First Battle of Bull Run (Goldfield et al. 431). The Union troops suffered a demoralizing loss at the opening of the war, and further losses could have destroyed the will to fight among Northerners. Prior to the Emancipation Proclamation, the Union also lacked a strong moral imperative for winning the war. The initial reasons for entering the war were merely to preserve the status quo. Although the result of the battle was inconclusive, the Union emerged in a superior position. Antietam boosted morale in the North and allowed Lincoln to announce the Emancipation Proclamation, giving the Union a principled cause to continue fighting the war to its conclusion. While Antietam wasnt a decisive victory over the Confederacy either on the battlefield or in the war, it marked a decisive change in the fortunes of the Union. Although Gettysburg and Shermans March to the Sea are often remembered as defining moments in the defeat of the Confederacy, those victories would not have been possible if the Confederacy had won at Antietam and continued the Maryland Campaign. Antietam also allowed Lincoln to make the Emancipation Proclamation, one of the defining moments in the Civil War and American History. A Union victory would have been hollow without the Emancipation Proclamation and the later passage of the 13th Amendment. Antietam not only marked the initial turning point in the war but also a turning point in American History. Goldfield, David, Carl E. Abbot, Virginia D. Anderson, Jo Ann E. Argersinger, Peter H. Argersinger, , William Barney, and Robert M.

Monday, September 23, 2019

Report of a car manufacturer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Report of a car manufacturer - Essay Example However, the main market is automotive industry which is globally expanding as demand for all types of vehicles is increasing. Keeping this view in mind, it is highly essential that more cars should be sold through using the support of information technology and information needs of potential cars buyers. The financial performance requires more improvement. For example, the figure 01 clearly highlights that Ford made $20,213m and $5,665m and ,155m net income in 2011, 2012, and 2013 respectively; this reflects that the company has made the highest income in 2011 and the smallest in 2012 and the average net income in 2013. Based on this information, it can be deduced that the company has potential to earn more income. For this purpose, the company’s strategic management requires additional information for consideration and making effective decisions for improving the financial performance of the company. Also, this can be only done through improving and increasing the sale of cars as this business segment has the highest potential for the company. And there are valid and strong reasons to support this point. First, personal or family cars have become an important part of today life as every middle class family always prefers to have a car for satisfying the family requiremen ts, such as travel, school pick and drop and other emergency services. Keeping this view in mind, it is highly essential that the company should primarily focus on manufacturing and selling cars by considering the family need. Ford must focus in Asia. Currently, both China and India are two fastest growing economies where the middle class is increasing along with growing purchasing power. This market should be focused as it has a very attractive market potential for the company. Based on the different requirements of both markets, following information should be obtained which can be further processed for supporting and improving decision-making and

Sunday, September 22, 2019

How movies influence kids Essay Example for Free

How movies influence kids Essay My Favorite Holiday My favorite holiday is Christmas. Christmas was the month Jesus Christ was born. Traditionally celebrated at home, Christmas is thought to be a family holiday. However nowadays the habits and ideas of people have changed very much. Christmas becomes more of a global holiday when it is appropriate to meet with many friends and go out for a round the night crazy celebrations. Every person finds their own most favorite thing about Christmas. In this small essay I will explain what this holiday means to me, and what are the best parts of it that I enjoy. As for me, the best thing about Christmas is giving. During Christmas I buy toys and clothes and to donate them to Churches and Charities to help those that are less fortunate. Christmas season people are usually more friendly and gentle to each other. They try to leave every sorrow and offense behind in the year that is passing by. I think this approach is a exercise for a person to make them feel good mentally and physically giving happiness and hope for a better future in the next year . When there is joy in the air, the organism wants to celebrate along with the mind. The renewal of the hope is felt all around. I have loved the celebration of Christmas since my early childhood. I still enjoy decorating the Christmas tree and simply walking around the streets looking at the decorations of the buildings and the trees around the city. In our country Christmas trees stand everywhere, for instance you can see them in squares and parks, in schools and offices, in shops and at homes. And what fun is it to wake up early in the morning and take a look under the tree seeking the presents Santa Clause brought. Of course, now that I am grown I know that someone from my family puts the presents there but I still wish to think that a very kind and fair old man called Santa Clause does it. As Santa brings the presents to the small children, the grown-ups enjoy exchanging presents with each other. I like giving presents to people, also like to get them as well he-he!! Most of all in conclusion WHAT IS CHRISTMAS? Christmas is the season during which Christians everywhere give thanks to God the Father for the birth of His Son, Jesus Christ.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Waste Materials In Construction Sites

Waste Materials In Construction Sites Malaysian construction industry still faces increasing in the generation of construction waste materials and for sure they face problems in the removal of this waste. In the last two decades, huge construction building and infrastructure development projects have led to raise the production of construction waste material. The construction waste has a significant impact on the environment, and its environmental effects are in direct relation to the quality and quantity of the waste it generates. (Begum RA, Siwar C, Pereira JJ, Jaafar AH) In Malaysia, The construction industry generates a lot of waste material that can be reused and recycled. Most of the waste materials go into landfill which is both direct cost to construction, and workers productivity and also has wider environmental implication. Moreover, Malaysia have little reliable statistic of construction and demolition that shows the rate of waste generation, type of waste, method of handling process of wastage, and the quantity of materials wastage minimized at source, reused or recycled on-site or off-site in a specific type of construction such as residential construction. (Haliza B.M 2010) According to (Hassan et al. 1998) which shows that on average, the generation of waste can be breakdown into 36.73% from household waste, 28.34% from industrial and construction waste while other sources (market and commercial waste, institutional waste, landscaping waste and street sweeping waste) account for the remaining 34.93% in the Central and Southern region of Malaysia as shown in Figure 1.1. This figure shows that the waste generated from construction plays a significant role in contributing to the disposed in the landfills. PROBLEM STATEMENT The construction fields produce huge amounts of waste by consuming natural resources (Poon, 2007). Waste in the construction industry includes such delays as time, cost, lack of safety, rework, unnecessary transportation journeys, long distances, improper choice or management of programme or equipments and poor constructability.(Lee. et al.,1999) Wastages affect not only on environment its also bring extra project costs to the contractors and developers. Many countries especially the developed countries have started to aggressively recycle the construction materials due to its many benefits. In Malaysia, there is a huge potential in recycling of construction waste and if implemented correctly; will only bring about a construction resurgence. (Wong X. W. 2010) It is then obvious that waste management should be implemented. Reducing, reusing and recycling appear to be profitable alternatives that will increase the lifetime of landfills and reduce exploration of natural resources. (Woolley, 2000) Most importantly, our environment will not face more deterioration. In addition to the environmental benefits in reducing the demand on land for disposing the waste, the recycling of construction wastes, can also help to conserve natural materials and to reduce the cost of waste treatment prior to disposal (Poon, 2002). Despite the efficiency and expertise of the builders in the use of the material there is an increase in the cost of disposal of demolition waste, which requires the need to develop an effective plan for waste management options using the reduction and recycling. Contractors, developers, architects and engineers should have knowledge about how to deal with construction waste materials by reducing, reusing and recycling. Also the governmental authority must play a role by introducing suitable legislation to implement the law and follow up on all offenders who do not follow the laws. With the expansion of urban areas, all relevant parties must make sure that waste materials are minimized and there is a full execution of recycling, waste materials to guide the construction industry in the right direction. (Mohd.N. 2010) OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH To identify the types of waste materials in construction site To determine approach being use at construction site to reduce waste materials. To give recommendation on reduce, reuse, and recycle of construction waste materials. SCOPE OF STUDY The study covers area of Selangor at Malaysia. SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY Construction industry has an important impact on the environmental in term of unbalanced ecology, change of living environment, potential sewage, and depletion of natural resources, energy usage and production of waste. This study will generally talk about reduction materials wastage issues in construction field. Reduce the material wastage in construction is approved in applying reuse, recycling and reduce the building materials in construction activities. This thesis reviews the technology on construction waste recycling and their viability. CHAPTER II LITRATURE REVIEW INRODUCTION On this chapter, definition, classifications, advantages of reduce waste construction materials and reasons that lead to waste the materials. Investigate or study the related information about this case in from literature information will be definitely implemented in the Methodology. Literature reviews is very important in the research works and consider as foundation for any study which depend on the information of previous researches that has been carried out on the related subject. It provides further knowledge about the scope of research. DEFINITION Construction waste material can be defined as the difference between the value of materials delivered and accepted on site and those properly used as specified and accurately measured in the work, after deducting the cost saving of substituted materials transferred elsewhere, in which unnecessary cost and time may be incurred by materials wastage. Construction waste is any material where there holder has an intention to discard the material as no longer part of the normal commercial cycle or chain of utility. (Ferguson, 1995). According to The environmental protection Act 1990 (EPA 90) Section 75 defines waste as any materials which formalizes remains substances or streaming or other unnecessary surplus substance coming from the application of any process: and any material which involves to be disposed of as being damaged, run down, spoiled, or contaminated, but does not contain any material that is an explosive within the meaning of the explosives Act 1875; or Any substances that are unwanted and ignored or on other hand deal with as if the materials were waste shall be supposed to be waste unless the contrary is proved. (PING, OMRAN, PAKIR, 2009) The waste building materials, packaging, and rubble resulting from construction, remodelling, repair, and demolition operations on pavements, houses, commercial buildings, and other structures. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Waste is defined as the by-product generated and removed from construction, renovation and demolition workplaces or sites of building and civil engineering structure. (Cheung, 1993) Waste is defined as any material by-product of human and industry activity has no residual value. (Serpell and Alarcon, 1998) Construction materials wastage is unused materials (such as blocks, bricks, concrete, glass, plastics, steel, wood and soil generated by new building construction, renovation, or pulling down of existing construction. The World Book Dictionary defines waste as useless or worthless material; stuff to be thrown away. MAJOR TYPES OF WASTE MATERIALS According to the Environment Protection Department (EPD) (Chung, 2000) .The additional wastages require more time and extra resources for removal which might delay the building operations. The most important sources of construction material waste containing such as: 1. Concrete/cement. 2. Steel/reinforcement. 3. Brick/block. 4. Plastic/PVC 5. Glass 5. Timber/formwork. 6. Screw/bolt/nail. 7. Tile, ceramic tile 8. Non-ferrous metal aluminium CONCRETE Generally, the usage of concrete is mostly for substructure and superstructure of buildings wastage is largely caused from the mismatch between the amount of concrete required and that ordered from suppliers in the case of ready mix concrete supply. The service provider might not be familiar with the exact quantity due to improper management planning, leading to over-ordering. Wastage is also happened because the delays and needless waste handling processes. STEEL REINFORCEMENT As known steel bars are considered one of the most materials being used in construction site. Wastage of steel mainly resulted from cutting. Also wastage might be happen due to damages during storage and rusting. Pre-bending in the manufacturing works can eliminate cutting waste. TIMBER While timber is one of the main materials using for formwork wastage usually happen because the continuous or bad usage and as well as the over cutting. Timber usually dumped after use to do form work. Timber cannot resist termites and can easily break. So it is not suitable for long-term usage. Old timber also usually ends up in the trash and cannot be recycled. BRICK AND BLOCK Because the common usage of bricks and blocks in construction as walling and for partition. Wastage usually caused due to the improper cutting and careless of handling material. Improper handling might raise wastage of brick and blocks damage because of the breakable nature of the materials. Bricks remained on site without usage will end up in the trash skip in the end. PLASTIC/PVC Plastic wastage normally resulted from the cutting during piping work. Also plastic wastes happen due the inappropriate storage which throws it on site without considering its bad weakness and durability. PVC or plastic will melt if it direct contact with heat. Plastic also cannot resist chemical reactions. SCREW/BOLT/NAIL/ TILE The usage of those items usually being as connection. For sure they are used with large quantity which easily damaged due to the carelessness of the workers. Throwing screws or nails by workers lead to increase the wastage of them. Also wastage of tiles commonly happens during cutting. BENEFITS OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE REDUCTION Minimizing the total costs of the project throughout avoided removal costs, averted buying new materials, and revenue profit from materials sale due to reusing of materials onsite. Helps societies, construction companies, and construction owners comply with state and local policies, such as disposal bans and recycling goals. Promote general image of construction companies which minimize waste disposal. (Zhang, 2008) Reduce the environmental impact of the waste. Cleaner and safer construction site. Conserves space in existing landfills. Additional costs are avoided by diverting waste from landfills. CAUSES OF WASTE MATERIALS GENERATION According to Ekanayake who has discuss the causes of construction waste material he said that there are many factors lead to construction waste at site and he specified that the most important are ordered the common sources of construction waste under six categories: (1) design; (2) procurement; (3) handling of materials; (4) operation; (5) residual related; and (6) others. Furthermore those sources of waste materials probably happen during main phases of the project life cycle, (1) design, (2) operational, (3) material handling and, (4) procurement. (Ekanayake) Design Carelessness to dimension skills of some materials Design changes during construction progress. Lack of experience of designers and project managers in scheduling works. Lack of attention paid to standard sizes available on the market Designers familiarity with alternative products Complication of reading drawings details Lack of information in the drawings Errors in contract documents No completed contract documents at the beginning of project low quality materials selection Procurement Suppliers and workers errors Accidents coming from carelessness of labors Damage to work done caused by subsequent trades Use of wrong materials, which need replacement Failure to reach the required quantity before work from quantity surveyors. Late passing of information to responsible person on types and sizes of materials to be used Equipment broken and rainy weather Handling materials Damage happens due to the transportation process Unsuitable storage for materials caused damages to them Materials supplied in loose form Bad construction site layout where materials close to working place Misunderstanding between teamwork and workers Theft Operations Ordering errors Lack of possibilities to order small quantities Buy materials which can not be comply with specification CONSTRUCTION WASTE REDUCTION Construction Waste Reduction has been defined by the UK Environment Agency (1997) as reducing construction waste by protective measures (prevent, reduce at source, and reuse of wasted materials) and waste management measures (quality improvement, and recycling). Similarly, Envirowise (1998) defined Construction Waste Reduction as the process of systematic waste reduction at source, by preventing and reducing waste before its physical generation, and encouraging reuse, recycling and recovery. Therefore, according to (Riemer and Kristoffersen 1999) reducing waste materials is a process of avoidance, eliminate or decrease the waste on sources or allow reuse and recycling process of waste materials for such purposes in construction field. Waste reduction hierarchy has been addressing (reduce) as one of the highest main concern for decreasing the amounts of waste. The crucial objective of the strategy of waste reduction is to avoid or eliminate it from the outset, at the beginning stage phase of the project. (Andy, Andrew and Simon) Waste reduction is achieved through the application of a Waste Reduction Hierarchy which is applied from design through to disposal, as detailed below:- 1. Reduce. Avoidance of unnecessary consumption of materials at the concept and design stage of procurement; 2. Reuse. Reuse requires the design and utilization of re-useable containers and materials without subjecting the item to a manufacturing process that changes its original configuration and composition (e.g. reusable packaging and pallets for storage); 3. Recycle. Product recycling requires the raw material to be recovered and used to manufacture another product; 4. Disposal. Disposal of waste to landfill is the least acceptable form of waste management, and is to be regarded as the option of last resort. REDUCE In the past, waste reduction strategies have taken many forms, but the main purpose has remained the cornerstone of most waste reduction strategies which is to find out the maximum practical benefits from waste materials and to produce the minimum amount of waste. The understanding of what construction materials need to buy is the most first and important part in waste reduction, then monitoring materials usage, and after that find ways to avoidance, reduce, reuse, then recycle the wasted materials. A good strategy is to target the major component in the waste material stream, and put into practice the easy waste reduction steps first. Below are some ideas to help you identify waste reduction opportunities:- Buy pre-cut materials like foam boards and floor trusses to minimize waste. Re-utilize wasted substances like siding, inside trim, door, and framework for wood, hardwood floors, and bath fitting. Planning for usage 4 x 8 panels and standard timber lengths; plan to create functional usage of standard lengths of heating tube material, metal pipes, wiring, siding, and gutters. Find out new developed methods that can decrease and make usage of materials more economically and efficiently. Consult trade publication, construction companies, and local organizations for information on resource efficient building designs and techniques. Choose design which allow and give opportunity to dismantling all parts of the structure as an alternative choice instead of the demolition, which might save building materials for recover them to be useful source of materials for volunteer organizations. Work with famous designers, contractors, and suppliers those who have good characters in usage of resource-efficient design and building. Select to expand long period of new or existing buildings. Choosing the best quality, more durable substances extend the life of the building structure and giving easier remodelling, protection, or renovation. Usage of elegant design characteristics from architect and designers might be useful for minimization of building wastage and enhance the productivity due to the genius designation like multi-purpose rooms, encouraging smaller footprints, and choosing construction materials which friendly to environment and energy efficient. Construction companies also might use cutting and advanced framing techniques to minimize building wastage, this method may produce few waste, and holding over surplus to the next construction site or donating by them to the volunteer organization. REUSE Separation of the materials is the most important thing in reuse wasted materials also separation should be separated in good condition to keep materials durability. A majority of these materials are durable and therefore, have a high potential of reuse. It would, however, be desirable to have quality standards for the recycled materials. There are many materials might recovered from construction sites waste and they can be sold, donated, stored for later use, or reused on the current project. Some materials are convenient for reuse such as doors, cabinets, windows, carpet, brick, light fixtures, ceiling and floor tiles, wood, HVAC equipment, and decorative items (including fireplaces and stonework). Construction waste can be used in the following manner: Reuse on site of blocks, stone slabs, timber, piping railings etc. Sale material that cant used again on site through design restraint or design changes. Recycle materials such as plastics, broken glass, scrap metal etc. Use materials like broken block or brick, plaster concrete pieces etc. in other application at the construction. For ex. levelling, cavity under coat of paths where the passage not required of heavy moving loads. Big pieces and unused parts can be sent to lower areas to fill them. Soft materials might be used as can be used as cover material over sanitary landfill, like sand, dust etc. RECYCLING There are some materials can be directly recycled onsite into new construction or offsite at a construction and demolition processor. Typical materials recycled from construction sites contain metal, timber, asphalt, pavement, and concrete pieces, roof materials, corrugated cardboard and wallboard. Most of the construction wastages throw out to landfill. There are many opportunities for the construction companies to reduce that in order to extend the life period of landfill sites, decrease transportation requirements and reduce the primary resource requirements. DISPOSAL Landfilling is the main method of disposal of all solid wastes including the construction waste materials in most of countries. Landfilling is not capital intensive and does not require skilled labour unlike compositing or incineration. MATERIALS CAN BE RECYCLING Recycling of construction materials has been recommended from many researchers in their studies and companies work in that field but the factual administering of construction and demolition waste recycling is limited to a few types of solid wastes. According to (Mindess et al., 2003): who thought that economy, compatibility with other materials and material properties should be taken into account when considering recycle materials. He justified that recycling can be only useful when the recycled product is economical compared to the natural resource in cost and quality. He added recycled materials will be preferable in areas where less raw materials and land filling sites exists. It investigates the technology on construction waste recycling and their viability. In addition, (Mindess, 2003) has been mentioned to materials recycling practice had been studies such as concrete, plastic, brick, ferrous and non-ferrous metal, masonry, glass and timber. CONCRETE In fact, concrete is the most materials being wasted during construction and demolition. According to (Emily, 2010), manufacturers produce more the 25 billion tonnes of concrete per year. Large quantities of concrete waste during tear down/building new construction therefore concrete need to recycle. It is an easy way to recycle concrete. The most important thing is to sort concrete and remove the steel rebar then after sorting concrete go through out crush machine to grind them forming very small pieces as sand or aggregates. Crushing can be made on site to reuse at the same time. BRICK Bricks wastage coming from construction site might be polluted with mortar, rendering and plaster, and usually they being blinded with another materials such as wood and concrete. But there are difficulties being faced in the separation of bricks which usually need to be separated and sorting by hand. There are small percentage around 10 to 15% of bricks from damaged buildings are facing bricks, therefore they need manpower and it might be expensive to sort and clean bricks. Therefore contaminated bricks are not economical to be used because that will be more costing than natural bricks. In 2004, Japanese building site had been burning the destroyed bricks into slime burnt ash. And, in recent year, bricks are commonly be crushed to form filling materials and hardcore in Hong Kong. STEEL Preferably, it is better to reuse steel wastage directly on site. If the direct usage is not possible, then it can be fuse to manufacture new steel. According to (Coventry, 1999) there is more than 80% of the steel wastage coming from construction fields being recycled into new materials in the Netherlands, despite the fact that almost 100% may be claimed to be recyclable. Steel organization reports that roughly 100% steel reinforcement is made from recycled scrap and 25% steel sections are made from recycled scrap. Scrap steel is almost completely recycled and allowed repeated recycling. Also in Japan, they recycles construction steel such as steel reinforcement and rebar due to fabricated steel or cut to resize off-site with the cutting waste, 100% of steel waste might be recycled to keep away from wastage at construction site. GLASS According to (Coventry, 1999), in UK, 425,000 tonnes of glass has been recycled. However, the recycling rate is fairly low in Hong Kong 1% comparing with countries such as USA, Japan and Germany which their rates are 20, 78 and 85%, respectively. Glass can be reused in the construction industry for a number of applications: (i) Window: (Coventry, 1999) thought that window glass might be reusing on construction that will be depend on how they deal with glass handling, storage, transportation from/to construction site, and the quality. (ii) Glass fibre: for material properties improvement, glass can be recycled in the manufacture of glass fibre using long easy process starting from collecting the waste to recycle pin then transported to treatment plant, the glass then should be sorted according to its colour and type and washed to clean it from any impurities after that glass crushed and melted then moulded into new product. Glass can be used in thermal and acoustic insulations, which can be mixed with strengthen cement, gypsum or resin products. (iii) Filling material: they had practiced recycling for glass in UK as a fine material for cement replacement called ConGlassCrete that support the strength of concrete. (iv) Tile: in US 100% replacement of recycled glass that gives good-looking reflective appearance on the exterior after burnishing. (v) Paving block: in United State they created aggregate from recycled glass by crushing. Also in Hong Kong, they are developing this recycling technology, which can produce advantages such as promote good-looking reflective appearance on the exterior after burnishing, minimize water absorption of concrete block and provide good compressive strength. However, the problems on instability, sharpness of aggregate and alkali-silica reaction expansion need to be resolved. By adopting pulverized fly ash for depressant in alkali-silica reaction and reduce the impurities are necessary in improving the quality of paving block adopting recycled glass aggregate. (vi) Asphalt in road: 15% of old glass had been recycled forming asphalt in Taiwan. Furthermore glass needed to grind to very soft materials replacing asphalt (vii) Aggregate in road: also in US material called glassphalt has been made from crushed glass and used as an aggregate in bituminous concrete pavement. (viii) Man-made soil: Japan practices adopted waste glass as ultra-fine particles at high temperature. MASONRY Masonry waste usually crushing as recycled to become masonry aggregate. So after grinding till become masonry aggregate will be such thermal insulating for concrete. it can also help concrete to be more strength with comfortable thermal insulation, masonry waste can be used after recycled for traditional clay bricks (i) Crushing recycle masonry aggregate till be as ash then will be replacement for clay in brick including sand sodium silicate brick. (ii) Using masonry aggregate in traditional clay brick in this case it prefers to avoid any contain of any element that will prevent effects on durability and strength of clay brick. (iii) In case of sing masonry in sodium silicate brick it might contains some of elements like lime but have to be under pressure of 15 bars to create sodium silicate bricks. NON-FERROUS METAL The major non-ferrous metal materials gathered from construction sites are aluminium, copper, lead and zinc (Coventry, 1999). Furthermore after separations and sorting of those materials, they can be sold directly to the scrap metal traders for recycling or directly to end-user by melting. In UK, the usage of aluminium is up to 95,000 tonnes with about 70% recycled in 1997,recycling of copper is up to 119,000 tonnes out of a national market of 262,000 tonnes used (100% recycling rate can be achieved). While paper and cardboard form approximately 37% of construction wastes by volume (EPD, 2002). Recycling companies usually reprocess them as paper product by purification. PLASTIC In fact, it is very hard to recycle plastics wastages if they are blended with other plastic or impure materials but according to (Hendriks and Pietersen, 2000) great possibility to reuse materials such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and Polyvinylchloride (PVC) especially if they being gathered properly segregate and spotless. Because of the damages in some of the characteristic of the old plastic the possibilities of high level recycle will be definitely restricted. Virgin material should include in recycling. The recycled materials are utilized for the manufacturing of new plastic includes 70% recycled material; 30% virgin material is utilized for securing sufficient ultra violet (UV) resistance in the Netherlands. Furthermore it might be probable to develop this substitute ratio up to 80 or 90% in the coming years. According to (Coventry, 1999) there are many major chances to address when considering the recycling of plastic such as:- (i) Panel: in 1992 roofing panels have been started due to the recycling of diaphanous PVC. Because of the impurity and the consolidation, the recycling materials have less quality than new roofing component, so that should be applied for only the inferior face. This panel must be transformed to powder using cryogenic milling. Then powder should mingle with plasticizers and also mix up with other materials to produce new panel. (ii) Plastic might be street furniture, roof and floor, piling, PVC window, noise barrier, cable ducting and pipe, cladding and insulation foam through recycling and redesign for usage. (iii) there are new methods has been developed to allow construction materials to be with time infused with recycled plastic ingredient in order to increase strength, durability and impact resistance, and improve appearance. TIMBER The wastage of wood from building site operations is generated in huge amount all over the world. According to (Coventry, 1999) he mentioned to that the wastage of timber generated in UK is more than 2.5 tonnes per year. For sure, wastage of wood has possibilities to be recycled after collection for some purpose such as: (i) Timber wastage coming from building activity might be utilized directly for reusing in any applications in construction projects but before reusing need to clean the from nails and resize the them to the proper way. Furthermore unspoiled timber should be reused as board, beams, doors, floorboard, roof beam, balcony ramparts, partitions, and pile. In Japan they already developed wood waste into new technology turning them to furniture, shoring wooden pile for relocate pine trees, wood bench and timber stair. (ii) A special lightweight concrete might be formed from aggregate made from recycled small wooden pieces. (iii) According to (Hendriks and Pietersen, 2000) in Japan wood waste might be recycled as energy sources, for Ex. fuel, charcoal for power generation. Also there are more than 400,000 tonnes of wood from building activities are produced in Netherland. (iv) wood pieces wastage throwing from building activities might be recycled and reused as new building materials as partitions, board for roof, ceiling and floor, cladding in agricultural building, advertisement panels, a packaging substitute, wall and sound barrier. (v) Paper, In Japan, they recycled timber producing board and mulching. Besides that wastage of wood might be mixed with topsoil to improve soil texture and coated with plastic to produce material called plastic lumber. (vi) Clipped timber is recycled by spraying them onto sloped soil surface in Japan, which is called geofibre. (vii) Timber waste can be recycled to create insulation board, kitchen tool and furniture from the chipped timber under pressure at around 180 Ã ¢-Â ¦C for 40 min with

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Emily Dickinson’s Because I Could Not Stop For Death Essay -- Because

Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† is a remarkable masterpiece that exercises thought between the known and the unknown. Critics call Emily Dickinson’s poem a masterpiece with strange â€Å"haunting power.† In Dickinson’s poem, â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death,† there is much impression in the tone, in symbols, and in the use of imagery that exudes creativity. One might undoubtedly agree to an eerie, haunting, if not frightening, tone in Dickinson’s poem. Dickinson uses controlling adjectives—â€Å"slowly† and â€Å"passed†Ã¢â‚¬â€to create a tone that seems rather placid. For example, â€Å"We slowly drove—He knew no haste / †¦We passed the School †¦ / We passed the Setting Sun—,† sets a slow, quiet, calm, and dreamy atmosphere (5, 9, 11, 12). â€Å"One thing that impresses us,† one author wrote, â€Å"is the remarkable placidity, or composure, of its tone† (Greenberg 128). The tone in Dickinson’s poem will put its readers’ ideas on a unifying track heading towards a boggling atmosphere. Dickinson’s masterpiece lives on complex ideas that are evoked through symbols, which carry her readers through her poem. Besides the literal significance of —the â€Å"School,† â€Å"Gazing Grain,† â€Å"Setting Sun,† and the â€Å"Ring†Ã¢â‚¬â€much is gathered to complete the poem’s central idea. Emily brought to light the mysteriousness of life’s cycle. Ungraspable to many, the cycle of one’s life, as symbolized by Dickinson, has three stages and then a final stage of eternity. These three stages are recognized by Mary N. ...

Essay on A Society of Oppression in A Handmaids Tale -- Handmaids Ta

A Society of Oppression in A Handmaid's Tale      Ã‚   As the saying goes, 'history repeats itself.' If one of the goals of Margaret Atwood was to prove this particular point, she certainly succeeded in her novel A Handmaid's Tale. In her Note to the Reader, she writes, " The thing to remember is that there is nothing new about the society depicted in The Handmaiden's Tale except the time and place. All of the things I have written about ...have been done before, more than once..." (316). Atwood seems to choose only the most threatening, frightening, and atrocious events in history to parallel her book by--specifically the enslavement of African Americans in the United States. She traces the development of this institution, but from the perspective of a different group of oppressed people: women.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Like the institution of slavery, women in Gilead were enslaved through biblical justifications. According to the Commanders, God intended the ultimate power to be in the hands of man, not only because man was created first, but also because it was woman's temptation that expelled them both from the Garden of Eden. Women, therefor, must be controlled by man. Slave traders and owners also justified the enslavement of Africans, arguing that slave labor existed extensively in the Bible (Jews were enslaved by the Egyptians, for example), and therefor God did not condemn the institution. Once a master acquires slaves, or a Handmaid, he must rule over them effectively, to assure that they will meet his needs. To so, the term "human" must be taken out of consideration (for that may evoke some sort of pity or compassion) and replaced with the term "it"--detonating property. This is clearly demonstrated when Offred reflects on the ... ...at the top of the underground railroad...Canada's position would be to do what she always does: try to remain neutral without antagonizing the superpower to the south," (320).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After reading The Handmaid's Tale, one may conclude that Margaret Atwood is not simply feeding her readers history, but rather warning them of our future. We may, for example, see modern day oppression in homosexuals. Various religious groups doom them to Hell, rights are taken away from them (the right to marry, for example)...the list goes on. As Atwood says of The Handmaid's Tale, "The novel exists for social examination..." (316). One can only hope that our history of social oppression will cease to repeat itself if only we can learn from the past.    Works Cited Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid's Tale. New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc., 1986.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Free Affirmative Action Essays - Quotas are Outdated :: affirmative action argumentative persuasive

Affirmative Action Quotas are Outdated Affirmative action legislation has helped in the fight for equality for minorities and women in the American society; however, time has come for new legislation to replace or abolish affirmative action as we know it. In affirmative action's beginning, the government needed laws to help aid the blending of minorities and women in American economics and culture. In a world economy that grows more competitive with every passing day, our quota system is a dead weight to the American businesses that are trying to survive. Not only is advancement based on race and gender but also it is costly and time consuming. American's attitude toward minorities and women is "so steep a decline that it almost certainly reflects some change from the blatantly racist and nearly universal hostile white prejudices of the recent past" (Feagin & Feagin, 1978, pp. 6-7). If America's economy is to continue to survive it will most definitely have to hire on merit alone, and not be bothered by trivial laws that are outda ted. The origination of Affirmative Action is from the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VI and VII. Title VI states "no person in the United States shall, on the grounds of race, color, or natural origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under programs or activities receiving financial assistance." Title VII states that "[i]t shall be unlawful for an employer to: fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment , because of such individuals race, color, religion, sex, or natural origin"(Civil Rights Act Title VII). These laws can be justified by our constitutional principle that all men are created equal, and should remain a part of our laws and thought process. However, penalizing a business or school because they haven't hired or accepted the number of minorities required by law is injustice. According to Roberts (1995), a Gallup Poll taken in July of 1995 shows that Americans agree that quotas are no longer useful. Our fellow " Americans reject employment quotas by a margin of 63% to 35%," and in the

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Macbeth Character Profile Essay

Macbeth is a famous Shakespearean character. His flaw is shown throughout the play. Macbeth starts off as a trustworthy character that saves the king’s life. Macbeth is then labelled as noble Macbeth by Duncan. At the start of the play his is as noble and loyal as he could be. After killing the Thane of Candor, Duncan who trusts Macbeth gives the title to Macbeth. More is the due than more than all can pay. King Duncan gives Macbeth the best present he could have received. Macbeth gives the reader an impression of being a capable and brave warrior for saving the king’s life. Macbeth is loved highly by everyone. Macbeth also brought â€Å"golden opinions from all sorts of people†. The witches however show Macbeth prophecies. These prophecies however make Macbeth release an inner ambition. This ambition brings out his flaw. Macbeth learns that he might be able to become king, he urgently writes to his wife. His wife who hears about this news urges him to become king and calling him a ‘coward† if he doesn’t take up the offer. Macbeth ends up getting persuade by his wife and starts a plan. They decide to kill King Duncan so that Macbeth can become king. Once their plan succeeds however Macbeth is so shaken by what he did he can’t even contain himself and stay calm. He brings the two daggers he used back to his wife instead of leaving it on the knights that â€Å"killed king Duncan.† Macbeth shall sleep no more. We as the readers feel sympathy for Macbeth at this stage since Macbeth feels remorse and guilty for what he did. However that sympathy does not last very long. Banquo fears that some foul play has been involved with the death of King Duncan. If King Duncan was really killed by the guards, Macbeth should have questioned them instead of killing them. Full of scorpions is in my mind, dear wife! Macbeth has restless guilt over the death of King Duncan however his wife now having a â€Å"manly† strong side to her she takes control. Macbeth ends up doing a lot of killing. The sympathy we had earlier for Macbeth is all gone. Macbeth ends up killing everyone that gets in his way and tries to take the crown away from him. He gets worried that that prophecies might not be true anymore and he goes back to the witches to ask. The witches sense that something wicked is coming. He gets the witches to tell him prophecies once again, the witches this time shows him apparitions instead. Macbeth doesn’t take these apparitions seriously at all. Macbeth doesn’t think outside the box about the apparitions especially the one where it says Great Birnam wood to high Dunsinane hill/ Shall come against him and The power of man, for none of woman born Shall harm Macbeth. Macbeth believes that no forest can come and kill. He also believes that every women gives birth he doesn’t think about caesarean birth. Macbeth’s famous soliloquy shows the ending of things and reveals Macbeth final impression on the whole incident. Macbeth’s ambition has leaded him to the death of his wife. If he took out time and talked to his wife her death wouldn’t have occurred. Macbeth at the ends regrets his actions. It is a tale/ told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,/ signifying nothing. His life up to this point now signifies nothing after the death of his wife.

Monday, September 16, 2019

Passive Design Strategies Achieving Effective Response to Local Climate

PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES ACHIEVING EFFECTIVE RESPONSE TO LOCAL CLIMATE Table of contentspage Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ .Abstraction This survey is aimed at placing the specific inactive schemes that can be applied to edifices in a specific type of local clime to accomplish a proper response to that clime. With edifices being the highest energy consumers and inactive design schemes of major benefit in decrease of energy demand for chilling and warming, the research will bring out the effectivity of the major inactive chilling and heat turning away schemes in supplying thermic comfort and how the pick of these is a effect of the local clime. To accomplish an thorough research, different literature beginnings where used to find a assortment of inactive design schemes that are employed in different climes. From this cognition, the schemes used at the first block of suites at the Belum rain forest resort where identified and their effectivity is established consequently. The first block of suites at the Belum rainforest resort incorporate a big figure of inactive design schemes supplying a wider fluctuation of compari ng survey. These when compared to the other blocks at resort will widen the range of the research. Approximately 40 % of family energy is used for warming and chilling to accomplish thermic comfort. This rate could be cut to about nothing in through sound clime antiphonal inactive designs.. To accomplish high energy efficiency at belum rain forest resort, schemes like Encouraging natural air flow with big gaps and supplying shadowing were used amongst other non as effectual methods. It can therefore be concluded that some inactive design schemes are more effectual than others in specific climes and cognition on this effectivity can drastically better energy efficiency gained due to the usage of these design schemes.IntroductionEach clime zone has clearly different design and building demands, This is because within each of these chief zones there are besides many regional sub-zones with differing local conditions features such as air current forms, humidness, temperature and tallnes s above sea degree. There exists a big figure of inactive design schemes that can be applied to any peculiar edifice. Of these schemes, some are cosmopolitan and would use to about all types of climes but for the most portion each of these clime zones require specific types of inactive design techniques to be applied to edifices in order to be effectual. In add-on to this, in response to the local clime, some of these specific passive schemes are more effectual than others in accomplishing their ends and therefore a grade of precedence can be placed on them for easier design determination devising. Malaysia has high temperatures and a High humidness twelvemonth unit of ammunition, to accomplish edifice sustainability energy usage for chilling has to be minimised, the major factors to see for this clime are the air current and the Sun. Most of the heat addition in the edifices is from the Sun specifically solar heat addition though Windowss and conductivity heat addition through walls. And most of the chilling is by air flow. From this we can clearly detect that the most effectual inactive design schemes are those that control heat addition and supply chilling through air motion. This paper will look into how effectual peculiar inactive design schemes employed to the first block of suites at the Belum rainforest resort in reacting to the local clime by reacting to the undermentioned research inquiries:What is inactive architecture design?What are the inactive design schemes employed to accomplish decrease in heat addition in the first block of suites at the Belum rain forest resort?What are the inactive chilling design schemes employed in the first block of suites at Belum rainforest resort?How make these passive design schemes employed efficaciously respond to the local climePassive architecture designHarmonizing to†¦Passive architecture design refers to a design attack that uses natural elements, frequently sunlight, to heat, cool, or light a edifice. Every inactive design attack is aimed to maximize comfy conditions for people to populate in, while cut downing the usage of energy and therefore the impact of edifices on the environment. In a physical s ense, a inactive design attack is one that will utilize merely locally available energy beginnings like radiation from the Sun, air motion from air currents and temperature differences and use the natural flow waies of that energy to bring forth work. This work is chiefly the warming, chilling and illuming of enclosed infinite and as such inactive design systems will necessitate really small care and cut down a building’s energy ingestion by minimising or taking mechanical systems like pumps and fans used to command indoor temperature and lighting and devour a batch of energy. Passive architecture design is required in order to cut down on the demand for mechanical chilling and warming of indoor infinites. In bend this warming and chilling is required in order to accomplish thermic comfort. Therefore thermic comfort can be regarded as the terminal demand of inactive architecture design together with energy efficiency while accomplishing that. Bs en iso 7730 defines thermic comfort as that status of head which expresses satisfaction with the thermic environment. That is to state the status when person is non experiencing either excessively hot or excessively cold. The chief factors impacting thermic comfort are temperature of the air, humidness, air motion, metabolic rate and vesture. Of these, air temperature ( which is the chief determiner ) , humidness ( which affects evaporative chilling from the human tegument ) and air velocity or motion ( which accelerates vaporization ) are all affected by general environmental factors and can hence be controlled ut ilizing inactive architecture designs.inactive design schemes accomplishing heat addition decrease in the first block of suites at the Belum rain forest resortOn this block at the Belum rain forest resort, heat turning away was given extreme importance as the block is extensively shaded and a overplus of heat turning away schemes was used compared to the inactive chilling schemes. The schemes include orientation of the edifice to its site, usage of deep over bents, usage of mesh shadowing devices on Windowss, shadowing of walls and facade, usage of banian sticks to shadow Windowss and usage of flora for shadowing both Windowss and the frontage Orientation This block of suites is oriented in such a manner the longer facade that has the suites and window gaps faces the north-south way with no Windowss on the east-west way. This provides for a shaded in-door infinite during twenty-four hours clip, in this set up, exposure to radiation is minimised as solar radiation is easy controlled by over bents since the high angle of the Sun in the sky in summer makes it easy to shadow Windowss utilizing this while daylighting is maximised cut downing on the demand for unreal lighting in the edifice. Besides in this orientation the eastern and western sides that have no window gaps are exposed to the low-angle summer Sun in the forenoon and afternoon and hence there is less heat addition from these Deep overhangs This block of suites uses a pitched gable to gable type of roof.The usage of a pitched roof provided for deep over bents on the longer frontages. The overhangs On the north and south-facing walls, control direct beam solar radiation. And therefore cut down on the incident heat on the facade and the first floor Windowss. Overhangs are most efficient because being external shading devices, they intercept solar radiation before it has entered through the Windowss or is incident on the walls and therefore even when energy is absorbed by them it is non trapped behind the glass. As the edifice does non precisely face north-south, the over bents are of increased size. This was besides done to efficaciously supply shadiness for both floors of the block. Mesh shadowing on Windowss This shading was extensively applied to all Windowss of this block of suites. This mesh shading placed in forepart of Windowss is considered more efficient than the complete bents chiefly because it is suited and provides shadiness for the Windowss all through the twelvemonth. Unlike the other shading devices, it does non necessitate extended computation to acquire optimum consequences and does non depend on the angle of the Sun. The Mesh besides provides this shadowing while leting for air motion and therefore encourages cross airing. The meshes are made of coated metals as being portion of external shading devices there is demand for the stuff to be upwind resistant. They besides have an added advantage of being flexible to utilize and keep. Banyan sticks cladding The south and north confronting walls of this block are about wholly made of Windowss to advance airing with minimised exposed wall. The entireness of the Windowss and exposed wall is clad in closely arranged banian sticks that farther heighten the shading to the Windowss in add-on to the mesh shading provided. Like the other external shading devices it reduces on the incident heat on the Windowss and the walls. And besides due to their distance from the window radiation energy absorbed by the banian sticks is non re-radiated to the window or wall. They were besides used as a base for vegetive shading. Bing a signifier of perpendicular shading, they have been besides used to shadow the E and west frontages of the block. The banian sticks are treated to accomplish conditions opposition and prevent decay. They have a major disadvantage of cut downing visibleness and natural twenty-four hours light into the edifice The facade of the block was besides constructed in such a manner that the open walls are perpendicular to the way of the facade and as such are wholly shaded by next walls. This design ensures that no external wall is straight exposed to the Sun and as such do non absorb beaming heat. Vegetative shading This was achieved at this block of suites by usage of mounting workss that get support from the banian sticks cladding. With the banyan sticks already positioned to supply shading, the workss are introduced so as to heighten the shadiness provided by the sticks. These workss provide the 3rd and concluding bed of shadowing after the mesh shading and the banian sticks cladding. They cut down solar radiation to every bit low every bit low as 20 % .These together with the banian sticks facade cladding besides work as a clime shield, protecting the edifice from rain and air current bill of exchanges through the Windowss. They besides protect the edifices coloring material and the facade it’s ego from intensive conditions. Plants besides have the added advantage of supplying evapo-transpiration, where, as workss transpire and loose H2O to the ambiance, the vaporization that takes topographic points uses heat energy from the environing chilling it in return.Passive chilling schemes employed in the first block of suites at the Belum rainforest resort.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Prejudice in “Of Mice and Men” Essay

â€Å"Prejudices are the chains forged by ignorance to keep men apart.† – Marguerite Gardiner. In society, both modern and in the past, prejudice has been a tool of thinking and labeling a group of race, people, class and culture in order to distinguish ones superiority and dominance from one another, but is simply a way to judge without gathering valid facts. In Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, we see that prejudice was just as rampant in the 1930’s. In the novel, prejudice is demonstrated on 3 different levels: racial, sexual and social. It is shown how these prejudices generate false perceptions that although meant to aid, do no such good as their end result is clouding the truth. Racial prejudice is most significant when describing Crooks, who happens to be the stable buck for the farm. Crooks is also a Black man with a back disability, hence the reason he is called â€Å"Crooks†. While most of the other workers live in the same area and attend to jobs that are quite similar, Crooks is forced to live by himself, work alone in the stables and is almost never in contact with any of the other characters. People such as Curly’s Wife go as far as to ridicule Crooks and even look down at him simply for the fact that he is a Black man with a disability who is a laborer. In one instance, Curly’s Wife threatens Crooks by telling him â€Å"Listen, Nigger, you know what I can do if you open your trap, I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain’t funny† (Steinbeck, 98). The open brutality of this comment shows that even a woman, who would normally not have much or any say during this time in the 1930’s, is still considered higher in social class than an African-American man. Nothing is known about him as a person by any of the other farm attendants, but the prejudices that in this case are completely false help propel a gap between them, when one does not need to be. Although he may be physically handicap, he is just as capable as any of the others. As a result of being an outcast at the farm, Crooks has become very isolated and disengaged with the other members. When Lennie enters Crooks cabin in order retrieve the puppies, Crooks lashes out and tells Lennie â€Å"I ain’t wanted in the bunk room and you ain’t wanted in my room† (Steinbeck,124). This comment shows that Crooks has become bitter and alone because of the prejudice constantly being aimed at him when there is no reason for the way he is treated. He is a great overall example of racial  prejudice in Of Mice and Men and society, both past and present, in which a African-American male, who is as capable as any man of another color is denied the same opportunities because of stereotypes and perceptions which can only be supported with biased false facts. Sexual prejudice is strong when Curly’s Wife is a part of a scene. Curly’s Wife also happens to be the only female that is currently occupying the place of work that the novel is set in. Curly’s Wife is presented as a character who tends to be very friendly with all the men on the farm and enjoys the attention she gets because her husband, Curly does not give her the amount of attention that she wants, so she finds it with others. Curly’s Wife is often avoided by all other who work at the farm because she is a woman who could get them in a lot of trouble. Curly is the boss’ son and Curly’s Wife being the daughter-in-law always gets her way and can have any man in the farm fired without reason. â€Å"She got the eye goin’ all the time on everybody. I bet she even gives the stable buck they eye. I don’t know what the hell she wants† (Steinbeck,51). Being a woman, there is already significant amount of sexual prejudice directed to her and the fact that she is very flirtatious with the other men further strengthens their perception of her. They all try to remain as calm as possible, careful not to give her the wrong idea cause they know the trouble that she could get them in. In actuality it appears that Curly’s Wife only craves attention from the other men and nothing sexual because of the lack of her husband to give her the attention that she wants. The idea of her wanting something only sexual and not spiritual shows the prejudice associated with gender in this novel and how its falsehood prevents a lonely woman from engaging and connecting with others on a mental level. Equally important is the Social prejudice towards characters such as Candy and Lennie in Of Mice and Men. Candy is very old and not capable of doing much around the farm but is still kept around to do the simple chores that the others are seen as more of a waste of time for others. These simple chores are envied by others and this jealousy helps create a division between Candy and the others. Candy also has a dog that in many ways is similar to him â€Å"[The] dog ain’t no good to himself. I wisht somebody’d shoot  me if I got old an’ a cripple (pg. 45).† They are both described as being old, withered, confused and in many ways more of a nuisance who would do more good dead than alive. Socially being hated by the majority of the men at the ranch shows the prejudice that is directed without any reason, but simply motivated by jealousy. In the instance of Lennie, social prejudice is strongest evident in the perception others have of him because in their eyes, all they see is a big oaf incapable of accomplishing anything intelligent and only kept around for his strength. Before meeting Lennie and even engaging him in conversation, his position has already been established at the Ranch. With Curly we see that â€Å"[He’s] like a lot of little guys. He hates big guys. He’s alla time picking scraps with big guys. Kind of like he’s mad at ’em because he ain’t a big guy† (pg. 26). Regardless of his ability to be of help at the farm, Curly already establishes his position on Lennie even though he has had no significant direct contact or enough time to accurately depict Lennie as a person and not just a big man physically. Not only Curly, but other members of the farm also have decided Lennie’s place at work before fully knowing him. He is left out of card games, left back at the ranch when George and the others go out to hand more important jobs. Being considered a simple minded men with little use who spend their days playing with and day dreaming about rabbits or sweeping after others, Lennie and Candy have become outcasts in the sense that one of them is perceived to be mentally unstable and added to the fact that he is physically strong, while the other one is a nuisance who many could live without, make them both isolated and all the more reason to be avoid and singled out. â€Å"Of Mice and Men† is a brilliant novel in demonstrating that prejudice is a tool that people use to become more familiar with other individuals in order to overcome the fear of uncertainty. However, the ending result is that it puts distance between the person and the one they judge because it is not fact, but perception that is completely untrue. Prejudice is simply the reasoning of a fool to make themselves feel secure.